Labor Market Outcomes of STEM PhDs: Measuring Career Earnings and Occupation Trajectories

美国国家经济研究局（National Bureau of Economic Research）将创建一个新的数据库，以衡量STEM博士和博士后在劳动力市场上的表现。该研究将衡量STEM毕业生进入不同经济部门的流量，估计STEM博士和博士后的教育投资回报，并分析STEM劳动力需求的决定因素。本研究将根据最先进的计量经济学方法和创新的识别策略，利用该项目创建的新的纵向数据，制定和估计新的劳动力需求模型。研究结果将为教育工作者和政策制定者提供反馈机制，以了解STEM毕业生的成果以及STEM培训对经济生产力的影响，从而加强进行劳动力发展研究的基础设施。该项目由教育和人力资源核心研究计划支持，该计划资助STEM学习和学习环境的基础研究，扩大STEM参与和STEM劳动力发展。该项目将构建一个新的博士和博士后面板数据集，其中包含详细的人口统计和就业信息以及雇主信息，这将使研究人员能够跟踪博士和博士后与其大学培训的前后关系。本项目旨在：(1)建立新的STEM博士毕业生和博士后劳动力市场结果纵向数据集；(2)衡量STEM毕业生进入不同经济部门的流量；(3)估算STEM博士和博士后的教育回报；(4)分析产业STEM劳动力需求的决定因素。为了实现这些目标，研究人员将把纵向雇主-家庭动态（LEHD）数据库与美国社区调查数据联系起来，并使用大学的行政数据来开发和验证机器学习算法，以识别LEHD- acs中的STEM博士和博士后。他们还将结合使用数据库，包括公司和企业信息，以及估算方程，以检查行业对STEM工人的需求。该分析将提供对影响STEM工人需求的外生因素的理解。这项工作将使研究人员能够发现劳动力市场对专业技能的需求，并加深对大学研究如何促进新思想在经济中传播的理解。最后，研究人员将评估工资与基于大学的研究培训之间的关系，并调查STEM工作者接受培训的大学的研发支出和联邦研究资金强度对收入和后来职业前景的影响程度。

The National Bureau of Economic Research will create a new database to measure the labor market outcomes of STEM PhDs and postdocs. The research will measure flows of STEM graduates into different economic sectors, estimate the returns on educational investments for STEM PhDs and postdocs, and analyze the determinants of STEM labor demand in industry. The study will formulate and estimate new models of labor demand based on state-of-the-art econometric methods and innovative identification strategies using the new longitudinal data created by the project. The research results will produce a feedback mechanism for educators and policymakers on the outcomes of STEM graduates as well as the impact of STEM training on productivity in the economy, thus enhancing the infrastructure to conduct workforce development research. This project is supported by the Education and Human Resources Core Research Program, which funds fundamental research in STEM learning and learning environments, broadening participation in STEM, and STEM workforce development. The project will construct a new panel data set of PhDs and postdocs containing both detailed demographic and employment information as well as employer information that will allow the researchers to track PhDs and postdocs forward and backward relative to their university training. The project aims to: (1) produce a new longitudinal data set on labor market outcomes of STEM PhD graduates and postdocs; (2) measure the flows of STEM graduates into different sectors of the economy; (3) estimate the returns to education for STEM PhDs and postdocs; and (4) analyze the determinant of STEM labor demand in industry. To achieve these goals researchers will link the Longitudinal Employer-Household Dynamics (LEHD) database to American Community Survey data, and use administrative data from universities to develop and validate machine learning algorithms to identify STEM PhDs and postdocs in the LEHD-ACS. They will also use a combination of databases, including firm and establishment information, and estimating equations to examine the industry demand for STEM workers. The analysis will provide an understanding of exogenous factors that affect the demand for STEM workers. This work will enable researchers to uncover labor market demands for specialized skills and increase the understanding of how university research contributes to the diffusion of new ideas in the economy. Finally, researchers will evaluate the relationship between wages and university-based research training and investigate the extent to which the R&D expenditure and federal research funding intensity of the universities where the STEM worker trained influences earnings and later career prospects.