A Science Support Office for the International Ocean Discovery Program

国际海洋发现计划科学支持办公室

• 批准号: 1327683
• 负责人: Charna Meth
• 金额: $ 476.56万
• 依托单位: University of California-San Diego Scripps Inst of Oceanography
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Cooperative Agreement
• 财政年份: 2013
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2013-07-01 至 2025-09-30
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1327683&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Science; Support; Office; International; Ocean

The International Ocean Discovery Program (IODP) will serve to advance basic research in the marine geosciences and will be supported by the National Science Foundation (NSF) and more than 25 other international partners. IODP builds on a rich legacy of scientific ocean drilling pioneered by NSF in the 1960's with the Deep Sea Drilling Project, which provided a test of the plate tectonic hypothesis and a basic reconnaissance of deep sea sediments and crustal rocks. This was followed in 1985 by the Ocean Drilling Program, which focused on examination of Earth, ocean and climate processes. The current 26-member Integrated Ocean Drilling Program commenced in 2003 and has served as an expanded program of scientific ocean drilling based on "Earth, Oceans and Life: Scientific Investigations of the Earth System Using Multiple Drilling Platforms and new Technologies; Integrated Ocean Drilling Program Initial Science Plan, 2003 - 2013" (http://www.iodp.org/initial-science-plan). Although the Integrated Ocean Drilling Program is terminating as planned in September, 2013, ocean drilling remains an essential capability in modern geoscience research and education and is used to examine processes ranging from changes in the Earth's climate to the rifting and drifting of continents. Drilling is the primary tool for sampling sediment and crustal rock from the 70 percent of the Earth?s surface covered by oceans, and is the only technique for sampling anything more than a few meters deeper than the ocean floor. Thus, the new IODP will commence October 1, 2013, utilizing the new science plan Illuminating Earth?s Past, Present, and Future (http://www.iodp.org/Science-Plan-for-2013-2023/) based on the planning efforts of over 600 international ocean and earth scientists. The plan identifies the following four themes for initial emphasis in the new IODP: Climate and Ocean Change: Reading the Past, Informing the Future targets one of society?s most pressing questions?how will climate, the ocean, and ice sheets respond to ongoing increases in greenhouse gases? Biosphere frontiers: Deep Life, Biodiversity, and Environmental Forcing of Ecosystems will focus on exploration of deep life within the subseafloor, where microbes isolated from the photosynthetic world live at the limits of habitability.Earth Connections: Deep Processes and Their Impact on Earth?s Surface Environment will examine the links between surface, lithospheric, and deep Earth processes.Earth in Motion: Processes and Hazards on Human Time Scales addresses dynamic processes that occur on human time scales, including those leading to and resulting from earthquakes, landslides, and tsunami.The JOIDES Resolution, Chikyu, and Mission-Specific Platform (MSP) drilling platforms will continue to be provided to IODP by NSF, Japan, and the European Consortium for Ocean Research Drilling, respectively, to address these science themes. The new science plan draws upon lessons learned in the previous programs to build a much-simplified and streamlined multi-platform international program based on cooperation rather than integration. IODP planning for JOIDES Resolution operations will be conducted under a Facilities Board rather than an integrated Science Advisory Structure, and management and funding for JOIDES Resolution operations will occur independently of the other IODP drilling platforms. The Facilities Board (FB), already in place, is made up of scientists and governmental representatives of nations contributing to JOIDES Resolution operations, as well as representatives of the JOIDES Resolution science operator. The Facilities Board is advised by Proposal Evaluation, Site Characterization, and Environmental Protection and Safety Panels, and will be further served by a Site Survey Databank (SSDB). The FB and its advisory panels will be utilized for proposal review by other science operators in IODP. This new management structure has been developed and accepted by the International Working Group+, composed of governmental and science representatives from countries planning to participate in the new IODP. The IODP Science Support Office, to be provided by the Scripps Institution of Oceanography at the University of California, San Diego, will provide logistical support for the Facilities Governing Board and its advisory panels, manage and archive IODP Proposals and oversee their external review, and manage the SSDB. This Cooperative Agreement provides financial support for the IODP Science Support Office, and is intended to cover an initial five year, three month period beginning on July 1, 2013. A Program Review will be held prior to completion of the initial period and the results will guide a decision to re-compete or renew the Cooperative Agreement for a second five year period. The initial three months of award represents a start-up period designed to provide overlap with and ensure critical exchange of files and documents with IODP Management International, Inc. before NSF Contract OCE-0432224 for the IODP Central Management Office expires September 30, 2013.

国际海洋发现计划（IODP）将促进海洋地球科学的基础研究，并将得到美国国家科学基金会（NSF）和其他25个国际合作伙伴的支持。IODP建立在NSF在20世纪60年代通过深海钻探项目开创的科学海洋钻探的丰富遗产之上，该项目提供了对板块构造假说的测试以及对深海沉积物和地壳岩石的基本勘察。随后在1985年进行了大洋钻探计划，重点是研究地球、海洋和气候过程。目前有26个成员的综合大洋钻探方案始于2003年，是一个扩大的科学大洋钻探方案，其基础是“地球、海洋和生命：利用多个钻探平台和新技术对地球系统进行科学调查;综合大洋钻探方案初步科学计划，2003 - 2013年”（http：//www.iodp.org/initial-science-plan）。虽然综合大洋钻探计划按计划将于2013年9月终止，但大洋钻探仍然是现代地球科学研究和教育的一项基本能力，用于研究从地球气候变化到大陆断裂和漂移的过程。钻探是从地球70%的区域采集沉积物和地壳岩石样本的主要工具。这是唯一一种可以在海底几米深的地方进行采样的技术。因此，新的IODP将于2013年10月1日开始，利用新的科学计划照亮地球？《过去、现在和未来》（http：//www.iodp.org/Science-Plan-for-2013-2023/），基于600多名国际海洋和地球科学家的规划工作。该计划确定了以下四个主题，作为新IODP的初步重点：气候和海洋变化：阅读过去，告知未来目标之一的社会？最紧迫的问题是什么？气候、海洋和冰盖将如何应对温室气体的持续增加？生物圈前沿：深海生命、生物多样性和生态系统的环境强迫将侧重于探索海底下的深海生命，在那里，与光合作用世界隔离的微生物生活在可居住的极限。的地表环境将研究地表、岩石圈和地球深部过程之间的联系。人类时间尺度上的过程和灾害解决了人类时间尺度上发生的动态过程，包括那些导致和导致地震，滑坡和海啸的过程。JOIDES Resolution，Chikyu和特定任务平台（MSP）钻井平台将继续由NSF提供给IODP，日本，和欧洲海洋研究钻探联合会，以解决这些科学主题。新的科学计划借鉴了以往计划中的经验教训，建立了一个基于合作而不是整合的简化和精简的多平台国际计划。JOIDES Resolution操作的IODP规划将在设施委员会而不是综合科学咨询结构下进行，JOIDES Resolution操作的管理和资金将独立于其他IODP钻井平台。设施委员会（FB）已经到位，由科学家和政府代表的国家贡献JOIDES决议的运作，以及代表JOIDES决议科学运营商。设施委员会由建议书评估、场地特征、环境保护和安全小组提供咨询，并将进一步由场地调查数据库（SSDB）提供服务。生物多样性方案的其他科学操作者将利用生物多样性论坛及其咨询小组审查提案。这一新的管理结构已得到国际工作组的发展和接受，该工作组由计划参加新的IODP的国家的政府和科学代表组成。IODP科学支持办公室将由圣地亚哥加州大学斯克里普斯海洋学研究所提供，将为设施管理委员会及其咨询小组提供后勤支持，管理IODP提案并将其存档，监督其外部审查，并管理SSDB。该合作协议为IODP科学支持办公室提供财政支持，计划从2013年7月1日开始，为期五年零三个月。计划审查将在初始期结束前举行，审查结果将指导决定重新竞争或续签第二个五年期的合作协议。授予合同的最初三个月是一个启动期，旨在与IODP Management International，Inc.重叠，并确保与IODP Management International，Inc.交换重要的文件和文件。在IODP中央管理办公室的NSF合同OCE-0432224于2013年9月30日到期之前。