A Science Support Office for the International Ocean Discovery Program

国际海洋发现计划（IODP）将促进海洋地球科学的基础研究，并将得到美国国家科学基金会（NSF）和超过25个其他国际合作伙伴的支持。IODP建立在科学海洋钻探的丰富遗产上，由美国国家科学基金会在20世纪60年代开创了深海钻探项目，该项目提供了板块构造假说的测试和深海沉积物和地壳岩石的基本侦察。接着是1985年的海洋钻探计划，其重点是对地球、海洋和气候过程的研究。目前由26个成员组成的综合海洋钻探计划始于2003年，是基于“地球、海洋和生命：利用多种钻井平台和新技术对地球系统进行科学调查”的科学海洋钻探计划的扩展；综合海洋钻探计划初期科学计划，2003 - 2013”（http://www.iodp.org/initial-science-plan）。尽管“综合海洋钻探项目”按计划将于2013年9月终止，但海洋钻探仍然是现代地球科学研究和教育的一项重要能力，用于研究从地球气候变化到大陆断裂和漂移等过程。钻探是对地球上70%的沉积物和地壳岩石取样的主要工具。这是唯一一种能够对比海底深几米的物体进行采样的技术。因此，新的IODP将于2013年10月1日开始，利用新的科学计划照亮地球？《过去、现在和未来》（http://www.iodp.org/Science-Plan-for-2013-2023/）是由600多名国际海洋和地球科学家共同编写的。该计划确定了新的《国际发展规划》最初强调的四个主题：气候与海洋变化：解读过去，告知未来；最紧迫的问题是什么？气候、海洋和冰盖将如何应对温室气体的持续增加？生物圈前沿：深层生命、生物多样性和生态系统的环境强迫将重点探索海底深处的生命，在那里，从光合作用世界中分离出来的微生物生活在可居住的极限下。地球连接：深层过程及其对地球的影响？“地表环境”将研究地表、岩石圈和地球深部过程之间的联系。《运动中的地球：人类时间尺度上的过程和危害》讲述了人类时间尺度上发生的动态过程，包括那些导致和导致地震、山体滑坡和海啸的过程。日本国家科学基金会和欧洲海洋研究钻井联盟将继续分别向IODP提供JOIDES Resolution、Chikyu和Mission-Specific Platform （MSP）钻井平台，以解决这些科学主题。新的科学计划借鉴了以前项目的经验教训，以合作而不是整合为基础，建立了一个大大简化和精简的多平台国际项目。IODP对JOIDES Resolution作业的规划将在设施委员会下进行，而不是在综合科学咨询结构下进行，JOIDES Resolution作业的管理和资金将独立于IODP的其他钻井平台。已经设立的设施委员会（FB）由参与JOIDES Resolution行动的国家的科学家和政府代表以及JOIDES Resolution科学运营者的代表组成。设施委员会由建议评估、场地特征、环境保护和安全小组提供建议，并由一个现场调查数据库（SSDB）进一步提供服务。FB及其咨询小组将用于IODP其他科学运营商的提案审查。这一新的管理结构已被国际工作组+制定并接受，该工作组由计划参加新国际发展计划的国家的政府和科学代表组成。由加州大学圣地亚哥分校斯克里普斯海洋学研究所提供的IODP科学支持办公室将为设施管理委员会及其咨询小组提供后勤支持，管理和存档IODP提案并监督其外部审查，并管理SSDB。该合作协议为IODP科学支持办公室提供财政支持，从2013年7月1日开始，为期5年零3个月。在初始阶段结束之前，将进行项目审查，审查结果将指导决定是否重新竞争或续签第二个五年期合作协议。最初的三个月是一个启动期，旨在提供重叠，并确保在IODP中央管理办公室的NSF合同OCE-0432224于2013年9月30日到期之前，与IODP管理国际公司进行关键的文件和文件交换。

The International Ocean Discovery Program (IODP) will serve to advance basic research in the marine geosciences and will be supported by the National Science Foundation (NSF) and more than 25 other international partners. IODP builds on a rich legacy of scientific ocean drilling pioneered by NSF in the 1960's with the Deep Sea Drilling Project, which provided a test of the plate tectonic hypothesis and a basic reconnaissance of deep sea sediments and crustal rocks. This was followed in 1985 by the Ocean Drilling Program, which focused on examination of Earth, ocean and climate processes. The current 26-member Integrated Ocean Drilling Program commenced in 2003 and has served as an expanded program of scientific ocean drilling based on "Earth, Oceans and Life: Scientific Investigations of the Earth System Using Multiple Drilling Platforms and new Technologies; Integrated Ocean Drilling Program Initial Science Plan, 2003 - 2013" (http://www.iodp.org/initial-science-plan). Although the Integrated Ocean Drilling Program is terminating as planned in September, 2013, ocean drilling remains an essential capability in modern geoscience research and education and is used to examine processes ranging from changes in the Earth's climate to the rifting and drifting of continents. Drilling is the primary tool for sampling sediment and crustal rock from the 70 percent of the Earth?s surface covered by oceans, and is the only technique for sampling anything more than a few meters deeper than the ocean floor. Thus, the new IODP will commence October 1, 2013, utilizing the new science plan Illuminating Earth?s Past, Present, and Future (http://www.iodp.org/Science-Plan-for-2013-2023/) based on the planning efforts of over 600 international ocean and earth scientists. The plan identifies the following four themes for initial emphasis in the new IODP: Climate and Ocean Change: Reading the Past, Informing the Future targets one of society?s most pressing questions?how will climate, the ocean, and ice sheets respond to ongoing increases in greenhouse gases? Biosphere frontiers: Deep Life, Biodiversity, and Environmental Forcing of Ecosystems will focus on exploration of deep life within the subseafloor, where microbes isolated from the photosynthetic world live at the limits of habitability.Earth Connections: Deep Processes and Their Impact on Earth?s Surface Environment will examine the links between surface, lithospheric, and deep Earth processes.Earth in Motion: Processes and Hazards on Human Time Scales addresses dynamic processes that occur on human time scales, including those leading to and resulting from earthquakes, landslides, and tsunami.The JOIDES Resolution, Chikyu, and Mission-Specific Platform (MSP) drilling platforms will continue to be provided to IODP by NSF, Japan, and the European Consortium for Ocean Research Drilling, respectively, to address these science themes. The new science plan draws upon lessons learned in the previous programs to build a much-simplified and streamlined multi-platform international program based on cooperation rather than integration. IODP planning for JOIDES Resolution operations will be conducted under a Facilities Board rather than an integrated Science Advisory Structure, and management and funding for JOIDES Resolution operations will occur independently of the other IODP drilling platforms. The Facilities Board (FB), already in place, is made up of scientists and governmental representatives of nations contributing to JOIDES Resolution operations, as well as representatives of the JOIDES Resolution science operator. The Facilities Board is advised by Proposal Evaluation, Site Characterization, and Environmental Protection and Safety Panels, and will be further served by a Site Survey Databank (SSDB). The FB and its advisory panels will be utilized for proposal review by other science operators in IODP. This new management structure has been developed and accepted by the International Working Group+, composed of governmental and science representatives from countries planning to participate in the new IODP. The IODP Science Support Office, to be provided by the Scripps Institution of Oceanography at the University of California, San Diego, will provide logistical support for the Facilities Governing Board and its advisory panels, manage and archive IODP Proposals and oversee their external review, and manage the SSDB. This Cooperative Agreement provides financial support for the IODP Science Support Office, and is intended to cover an initial five year, three month period beginning on July 1, 2013. A Program Review will be held prior to completion of the initial period and the results will guide a decision to re-compete or renew the Cooperative Agreement for a second five year period. The initial three months of award represents a start-up period designed to provide overlap with and ensure critical exchange of files and documents with IODP Management International, Inc. before NSF Contract OCE-0432224 for the IODP Central Management Office expires September 30, 2013.