CPS: Synergy: Collaborative Research: Engineering Safety-Critical Cyber-Physical-Human Systems

这个跨学科的项目汇集了一个工程和计算机科学研究团队，以创建、验证和展示新技术的价值，以确保由硬件、软件和人类组合组成的系统能够以真正协同和安全的方式运行。这些“网络-物理-人”（CPH）系统的一个值得注意且日益普遍的特征是，安全操作和性能的责任通常由日益复杂的自动化以硬件和软件的形式共享，而指导和监督自动化行为的人可能需要在意外环境情况或硬件或软件故障发生时进行干预，以接管手动或共享系统控制。最终目标是在系统运行中达到超过熟练操作人员或完全自主系统所能达到的安全和性能水平。为此，研究团队将利用他们在设计健壮、容错控制系统、设计用于软件验证的降低复杂性架构以及用于认知建模的人为因素技术方面的专业知识，通过有效的界面设计确保高水平的人类情境感知。通过这样做，可以实现日益复杂的自动化带来的安全、成本和性能优势，而不会出现由于自动化而导致的安全风险，从而使操作人员和系统操作之间产生更大的距离。这些技术将在人在环模拟实验中进行迭代创建和经验评估，包括中等保真度的飞机和飞行模拟器以及医疗环境中的辅助自动化模拟。更广泛地说，这项研究预计将对未来CPH系统的工程产生影响，并为所有行业和系统提供信息，这些行业和系统的特点是越来越多地使用由人类指导和监督的硬件和软件自动化，这些自动化在预期的情况下提供额外的安全层，例如高速公路和汽车自动化，航空航天和空中交通管制自动化，半自动过程控制系统，许多形式的自动化系统和设备越来越多地用于医疗环境，如ICU和手术室。这项研究也有望为政府和行业提供CPH系统中使用的技术的安全认证标准，并教育下一代学生接受跨学科技能和能力的培训，以设计未来的CPH系统。研究人员将组织工业界、学术界和政府研讨会，传播研究成果，并在整个研究项目过程中指导代表性不足群体的学生。

This cross-disciplinary project brings together a team of engineering and computer science researchers to create, validate, and demonstrate the value of new techniques for ensuring that systems composed of combinations of hardware, software, and humans are designed to operate in a truly synergistic and safe fashion. One notable and increasingly common feature of these "Cyber-Physical-Human" (CPH) systems is that the responsibility for safe operation and performance is typically shared by increasingly sophisticated automation in the form of hardware and software, and humans who direct and oversee the behavior of automation yet may need to intervene to take over manual or shared system control when unexpected environmental situations or hardware or software failures occur. The ultimate goal is to achieve levels of safety and performance in system operation that exceed the levels attainable by either skilled human operators or completely autonomous systems acting alone. To do so, the research team will draw upon their expertise in the design of robust, fault-tolerant control systems, in the design of complexity-reduction architectures for software verification, and in human factors techniques for cognitive modeling to assure high levels of human situation awareness through effective interface design. By doing so, the safety, cost and performance benefits of increasingly sophisticated automation can be achieved without the frequently observed safety risks caused by automation creating greater distance between human operators and system operation. The techniques will be iteratively created and empirically evaluated using experimentation in human-in-the-loop simulations, including a medium-fidelity aircraft and flight simulator and a simulation of assistive automation in a medical context.More broadly, this research is expected to impact and inform the engineering of future CPH systems generally, for all industries and systems characterized by an increasing use of hardware and software automation directed and overseen by humans who provide an additional layer of safety in expected situations, Examples include highway and automotive automation, aerospace and air traffic control automation, semi-automated process control systems, and the many forms of automated systems and devices increasingly being used in medical contexts, such as the ICU and operating room. This research is also expected to inform government and industry efforts to provide safety certification criteria for the technologies used in CPH systems, and to educate a next generation of students trained in the cross-disciplinary skills and abilities needed to engineer the CPH systems of the future. The investigators will organize industry, academic, and government workshops to disseminate results and mentor students who are members of underrepresented groups through the course of this research project.