CPS: Synergy: Collaborative Research: DEUS: Distributed, Efficient, Ubiquitous and Secure Data Delivery Using Autonomous Underwater Vehicles

海洋大数据（OBD）是一个新兴的研究领域，有利于海洋环境监测，近海勘探，防灾和军事监视。现在，石油和天然气公司、渔业、军队和海洋研究人员可以负担得起部署物理海底传感器系统以获得战略优势。然而，这些传感活动是分散的、孤立的，并且通常遵循传统的“部署、等待、检索和后处理”例程。由于水下信息传输仍然困难且不可靠，这些传感器缺乏网络互连，这严重限制了海洋网络物理系统。该项目旨在提供一个可行的网络互连方案，使分布式，高效，无处不在，安全（DEUS）的数据从水下传感器到水面站的交付。拟议的网络互连方案具有廉价的水下传感器节点的能量收集能力，一个舰队的自主水下航行器（AUV）的信息摆渡，先进的磁感应（MI）天线设计使用铁氧体材料，分布式算法，通过AUV有效的数据收集，和安全的数据传输协议。该项目的成功将有助于推动海洋物联网（IoTO）和OBD的前沿，这两种技术都将在海上溢油响应、渔业管理、风暴准备等方面找到众多水下应用。这不仅影响到沿海地区的经济和福祉，也影响到内陆国家。该项目还将通过水下无线通信、网络安全和AUV设计方面的研究工作和相关课程，为研究生和本科生，特别是女性和少数民族学生提供特殊的跨学科培训机会。DEUS项目提供了一个可行的网络互连方案，通过四个协同重点实现水下环境中分布式、高效、无处不在和安全的数据传输：（1）整合水下无线传感器和通信系统，这将增强水下传感器的现有MI和光通信手段，整合用于锚节点和AUV之间远程通信的声学传输系统，并设计能量收集和补充解决方案，以延长水下传感器的寿命（30岁以上）;（2）通过多个AUV进行分布式和无处不在的数据传输，其目的是通过使用铁氧体材料和三轴感应天线并将其安装在AUV主体外部以增强MI，来收集分布式数据并将其在整个水下网络中无处不在地传输，（3）数据传输的高效性和安全性，设计网络算法，提高数据传输的效率和安全性。AUV不是通过声学通信从每个传感器收集数据，而是选择一些传感器在近场中以高数据速率传输模式收集数据（例如，光），并允许远离AUV的传感器通过声波直接将其数据发送到AUV，或通过MI/光通信将其数据发送到其附近选定的传感器。此外，亦会制定一套安全的数据传送计划，不但可保障数据传送免受典型的恶意攻击，并确保所收集数据的完整性，亦可让一个商业实体在不知悉其他商业实体的私人商业资料的情况下，将数据汇集;（4）实验验证和测试，其将验证所提出的数据递送方案，并通过模拟定量地呈现性能增益，实验和现场测试，基于现有的设施。

Ocean Big Data (OBD) is an emerging area of research that benefits ocean environmental monitoring, offshore exploration, disaster prevention, and military surveillance. It is now affordable for oil and gas companies, fishing industry, militaries, and marine researchers to deploy physical undersea sensor systems to obtain strategic advantages. However, these sensing activities are scattered, isolated, and often follow the traditional "deploy, wait, retrieve, and post-process" routine. Since transmitting information underwater remains difficult and unreliable, these sensors lack a cyber interconnection, which severely limits ocean cyber-physical systems. This project aims to providing a viable cyber interconnection scheme that enables distributed, efficient, ubiquitous, and secure (DEUS) data delivery from underwater sensors to the surface station. The proposed cyber interconnection scheme features cheap underwater sensor nodes with energy harvesting capability, a fleet of autonomous underwater vehicles (AUVs) for information ferrying, advanced magnetic-induction (MI) antenna design using ferrite material, distributed algorithms for efficient data collection via AUVs, and secure data delivery protocols. The success of this project will help push the frontier of Internet of Things in Oceans (IoTO) and OBD, both of which will find numerous underwater applications in offshore oil spill response, fisheries management, storm preparedness, etc., which impact the economy and well-being of not only coastal regions but also inland states. The project will also provide special interdisciplinary training opportunities for both graduate and undergraduate students, particularly women and minority students, through both research work and related courses on underwater wireless communication, network security, and AUV designs.The DEUS project provides a viable cyber interconnection scheme that enables distributed, efficient, ubiquitous, and secure data delivery in underwater environment via four synergistic thrusts: (1) integration of underwater wireless sensor and communication systems, which will enhance the current MI and light communication means of underwater sensors, integrate acoustic transmission systems for long-range communications between anchor nodes and AUVs, and design energy harvesting and replenishment solutions to prolong the lifetime of underwater sensors (30+ years); (2) distributed and ubiquitous data delivery via multiple AUVs, which aims to collect the distributed data and deliver them ubiquitously throughout the underwater network by employing ferrite material and triaxial induction antennas and mounting them outside of the AUV body for MI enhancement, and developing algorithms of multiple AUVs' path-planning, trajectory optimization, etc. under dynamic network conditions; (3) efficiency and security in data delivery, which designs network algorithms to improve the efficiency and security of data delivery. Instead of collecting data from every sensor via acoustic communications, the AUVs choose some sensors to collect data with the high data rate transmission mode in near field (e.g., light), and allowing the sensor far away from the AUVs to send its data either directly to AUVs via acoustic wave or to its nearby chosen sensors via MI/light communications. A secure data delivery scheme will also be developed to not only secure the data delivery against typical malicious attacks and guarantee the integrity of collected data, but also allow the data aggregation of one business entity without knowing others' private business information; (4) experimental validation and testing, which will verify the proposed data delivery schemes, and quantitatively present the performance gains through simulations, experiments and field test, based on existing facilities.