CPS: Synergy: Collaborative Research: DEUS: Distributed, Efficient, Ubiquitous and Secure Data Delivery Using Autonomous Underwater Vehicles

海洋大数据(OBD)是一个新兴的研究领域，有利于海洋环境监测、近海勘探、防灾和军事监视。现在，石油和天然气公司、渔业、军队和海洋研究人员可以负担得起部署物理海底传感器系统以获得战略优势。然而，这些感知活动是分散的、孤立的，并且通常遵循传统的“部署、等待、检索和后处理”例程。由于在水下传输信息仍然困难和不可靠，这些传感器缺乏网络互联，这严重限制了海洋网络物理系统。该项目旨在提供一种可行的网络互联方案，以实现从水下传感器到水面站的分布式、高效、无处不在和安全的(Deus)数据传输。提出的网络互联方案包括具有能量采集能力的廉价水下传感器节点、用于信息传输的自主水下航行器(AUV)舰队、使用铁氧体材料的先进磁感应(MI)天线设计、通过AUV进行高效数据收集的分布式算法以及安全的数据传输协议。该项目的成功将有助于推动海洋物联网(IOTO)和OBD的前沿，这两个领域都将在水下应用于近海漏油应对、渔业管理、风暴防范等领域，这不仅影响沿海地区的经济和福祉，也影响内陆国家的经济和福祉。该项目还将通过水下无线通信、网络安全和AUV设计方面的研究工作和相关课程，为研究生和本科生，特别是女性和少数族裔学生提供特别的跨学科培训机会。Deus项目提供了一个可行的网络互联方案，通过四个协同推力在水下环境中实现分布式、高效、无处不在和安全的数据传输：(1)集成水下无线传感器和通信系统，这将增强目前水下传感器的MI和光通信手段，集成锚节点和AUV之间的远程通信的声传输系统，并设计能量收集和补充解决方案，以延长水下传感器的寿命(30+年)；(2)基于多AUV的分布式泛在数据传输，通过采用铁氧体材料和三轴感应天线并将其安装在AUV外部进行MI增强，以及开发动态网络条件下多AUV的路径规划、轨迹优化等算法，将分布式数据采集并在整个水下网络中无处不在地传输；(3)数据传输的效率和安全性，设计网络算法以提高数据传输的效率和安全性。AUV不是通过水声通信从每个传感器收集数据，而是选择一些传感器在近场(例如光)以高数据速率传输模式收集数据，并允许远离AUV的传感器通过声波直接向AUV发送数据，或者通过MI/光通信向附近选择的传感器发送数据。还将开发一个安全的数据传输方案，不仅可以确保数据传输免受典型的恶意攻击，保证收集的数据的完整性，而且允许一个业务实体在不知道其他业务实体的私人业务信息的情况下进行数据聚合；(4)实验验证和测试，将验证所提出的数据传输方案，并在现有设施的基础上，通过模拟、实验和现场测试定量呈现性能收益。

Ocean Big Data (OBD) is an emerging area of research that benefits ocean environmental monitoring, offshore exploration, disaster prevention, and military surveillance. It is now affordable for oil and gas companies, fishing industry, militaries, and marine researchers to deploy physical undersea sensor systems to obtain strategic advantages. However, these sensing activities are scattered, isolated, and often follow the traditional "deploy, wait, retrieve, and post-process" routine. Since transmitting information underwater remains difficult and unreliable, these sensors lack a cyber interconnection, which severely limits ocean cyber-physical systems. This project aims to providing a viable cyber interconnection scheme that enables distributed, efficient, ubiquitous, and secure (DEUS) data delivery from underwater sensors to the surface station. The proposed cyber interconnection scheme features cheap underwater sensor nodes with energy harvesting capability, a fleet of autonomous underwater vehicles (AUVs) for information ferrying, advanced magnetic-induction (MI) antenna design using ferrite material, distributed algorithms for efficient data collection via AUVs, and secure data delivery protocols. The success of this project will help push the frontier of Internet of Things in Oceans (IoTO) and OBD, both of which will find numerous underwater applications in offshore oil spill response, fisheries management, storm preparedness, etc., which impact the economy and well-being of not only coastal regions but also inland states. The project will also provide special interdisciplinary training opportunities for both graduate and undergraduate students, particularly women and minority students, through both research work and related courses on underwater wireless communication, network security, and AUV designs.The DEUS project provides a viable cyber interconnection scheme that enables distributed, efficient, ubiquitous, and secure data delivery in underwater environment via four synergistic thrusts: (1) integration of underwater wireless sensor and communication systems, which will enhance the current MI and light communication means of underwater sensors, integrate acoustic transmission systems for long-range communications between anchor nodes and AUVs, and design energy harvesting and replenishment solutions to prolong the lifetime of underwater sensors (30+ years); (2) distributed and ubiquitous data delivery via multiple AUVs, which aims to collect the distributed data and deliver them ubiquitously throughout the underwater network by employing ferrite material and triaxial induction antennas and mounting them outside of the AUV body for MI enhancement, and developing algorithms of multiple AUVs' path-planning, trajectory optimization, etc. under dynamic network conditions; (3) efficiency and security in data delivery, which designs network algorithms to improve the efficiency and security of data delivery. Instead of collecting data from every sensor via acoustic communications, the AUVs choose some sensors to collect data with the high data rate transmission mode in near field (e.g., light), and allowing the sensor far away from the AUVs to send its data either directly to AUVs via acoustic wave or to its nearby chosen sensors via MI/light communications. A secure data delivery scheme will also be developed to not only secure the data delivery against typical malicious attacks and guarantee the integrity of collected data, but also allow the data aggregation of one business entity without knowing others' private business information; (4) experimental validation and testing, which will verify the proposed data delivery schemes, and quantitatively present the performance gains through simulations, experiments and field test, based on existing facilities.