Correlating Infrasound Signals with Volcanic Emissions at Karymsky Volcano, Kamchatka, Russia

为了有效地减轻火山喷发的危害并了解喷发动力学，有必要1）确定不同类型的火山排放物，2）量化这些火山排放物的相对比例，数量和位置。然而，获得准确，实时和连续的火山排放测量的困难是众所周知的。将次声或低频声音与火山喷发联系起来，特别有利于量化和了解火山喷发，这表明次声可提供一种间接量化火山喷发并确定其特征的工具。在这个项目中，我们将进行详细的，定量分析的各种次声信号从Karymsky火山，堪察加半岛，俄罗斯与相应的测量火山排放。主要目标是：1）确定Karymsky各种活动的次声信号并说明其特征; 2）收集详细的火山喷发数据（气体和火山灰）; 3）确定某些类型喷发的次声信号特征; 4）在数量上将次声信号的时间趋势与火山喷发的质量流量联系起来。我们的目标是建立定量的火山喷发和次声之间的关系的基础上，理论和实证分析。该项目的另一个目标是验证一种多谱段红外照相机技术，以便利用已建立的火山灰取样和紫外线遥感二氧化硫测量技术来测量火山喷发物，该项目涉及火山学和地球物理学中有关次声信号、火山喷发物和喷发动力学的重要问题。为了解决这些问题，将收集和分析一个前所未有的多参数数据集，这将有助于更好地了解火山排放物的释放及其可观察到的次声信号。这一认识将改进对火山灾害的监测和探测，并将评价使用次声作为探测火山喷发物并确定其特征的远程、连续工具的可行性。该项目还将增加我们对喷发源机制的理解，这将使各种火山学家和地球科学家受益。一个高素质的国际科学家团队之间的合作将发生。由于国际火山野外学校的学生将参加野外实验，并将获得活火山作用和国际合作方面的宝贵经验，因此教育受到高度重视。

To effectively mitigate volcanic eruption hazards and understand eruption dynamics it is necessary to 1) identify the different types of volcanic emissions and 2) quantify the relative proportions, amounts, and location of these volcanic emissions. However, the difficulty of obtaining accurate, real-time, and continuous volcanic emissions measurements is well known. Relating infrasound, or low frequency sound, to volcanic emissions shows particular promise towards quantifying and understanding volcanic emissions, suggesting that infrasound may provide a tool to indirectly quantify and characterize volcanic emissions. In this project we will perform a detailed, quantitative analysis of the diverse infrasound signals from Karymsky Volcano, Kamchatka, Russia with corresponding measurements of volcanic emissions. The primary objectives are to 1) identify and characterize the infrasound signals from the diverse activity at Karymsky, 2) collect detailed volcanic emissions data (both gas and tephra), 3) identify infrasound signals characteristic of certain types of emissions; and 4) quantitatively correlate temporal trends in infrasound signals with the mass flux of volcanic emissions. We aim to develop quantitative relationships between volcanic emissions and infrasound based both on theoretical and empirical analysis. An additional goal of this project is to validate a multi-spectral infrared camera technique for measuring volcanic emissions with established tephra sampling and ultraviolet remote sensing SO2 measurement techniques.This project addresses important questions in volcanology and geophysics regarding infrasound signals, volcanic emissions, and eruption dynamics. To address these questions an unprecedented multiparameter dataset will be collected and analyzed, which will lead to a better understanding of the release of volcanic emissions and their observable infrasound signals. This understanding will improve monitoring and detection of volcanic hazards and the viability of using infrasound as a remote, continuous tool to detect and characterize volcanic emissions will be evaluated. This project will also increase our understanding of eruption source mechanisms, which will benefit a wide variety of volcanologists and geoscientists. Collaboration amongst a highly qualified international team of scientists will occur. Education is emphasized heavily as students from the International Volcanological Field School will participate in the field experiment and will gain invaluable experience in active volcanism and international collaboration.