AGS-PRF: Refining the Climate Role of Tropical Cyclones: Key Constituents of the Hadley Cell?

近年来对热带气旋（TC）与气候关系的研究表明，TC活动增强的年份可能会导致次年冬季大气向极热输送的减少，这可能是由于TC向极热输送显著。支持这一假设的几项研究表明，TC是负责显着的短期减少半球纬向可用的位能，由于极地湿静态能量传输TC。首席研究员（PI）过去的研究也表明，西北太平洋TC负责将干静态能量大量跨半球输送到南半球。 在本项目中，PI将对热带气旋的区域能量传输进行全面量化，作为确定热带气旋气候作用的基础。他将测试的假设，即北方半球TC构成了全球大气干静态能量（DSE）传输的一个重要组成部分，从北方半球到南半球在北方夏季和秋季由于对流层上部赤道向外流射流与TC。通过分析北太平洋东部、北大西洋和西太平洋内TC的合成纬向DSE输送，PI将确定每个流域内的平均响应是否显著。接下来，PI将量化每个最佳追踪TC在赤道的纬向综合跨半球DSE输送，以确定总干静态能量输送相对于总大气的重要性，时间尺度从几周到几年不等。最后，PI将检查耦合模式相互比较项目（CMIP 5）的模拟，以比较再分析的结果，以确定在大气环流模式中证明的TC作用的保真度。

Recent research on the relationship between tropical cyclones (TC) and climate, suggests that years with enhanced TC activity may lead to decreased atmospheric poleward heat transports during the following winter possibly due to significant atmospheric poleward heat transports by TCs. Supporting this hypothesis are several studies showing that TCs are responsible for significant short-term reductions in hemispheric zonal available potential energy due to poleward moist static energy transports by TCs. Past research by the Principal Investigator (PI) has also shown that Western North Pacific TCs are responsible for significant cross-hemispheric transports of dry static energy into the Southern Hemisphere. In this project, the PI will undertake a comprehensive quantification of meridional energy transports by TCs to serve as a foundation for establishing the climate role of TCs. He will test the hypothesis that Northern Hemisphere TCs constitute a significant portion of global atmospheric dry static energy (DSE) transports from the Northern Hemisphere to the Southern Hemisphere during boreal summer and fall due to the upper tropospheric equator ward outflow jets associated with the TCs. Analyzing the composited meridional DSE transports by TCs within the Eastern North Pacific, North Atlantic, and West Pacific, the PI will determine whether the mean response is significant within each basin. Next the PI will quantify zonally integrated cross-hemispheric DSE transports at the equator by each Best-Track TC from reanalysis to determine the significance of aggregate dry static energy transports relative to the total atmosphere on time scales ranging from weeks to years. Finally the PI will examine Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP5) simulations to compare results from reanalysis to determine the fidelity of the role of TCs as evidenced in general circulation models.