Interdisciplinary Workshop on Cooperation, Conflict and the Evolution of Sociality at the Texas A&M Univ Campus, 2014.

德克萨斯大学合作、冲突和社会演化跨学科研讨会

• 批准号: 1331418
• 负责人: Catherine Eckel
• 金额: $ 12.15万
• 依托单位: Texas A&M University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2013
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2013-09-01 至 2018-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1331418&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Interdisciplinary; Workshop; Cooperation; Conflict; Evolution

This project integrates the study of cooperation and conflict by bringing together research leaders in social science and animal behavior for an interdisciplinary workshop. The workshop is designed to foster exchange and integrate ideas and methods, to spur creative, new research projects, and to work towards creating a unified framework for thinking about cooperation and competition and their underlying mechanisms. One of the dominant themes of social science in the past several decades has been the remarkable capacity of humans for cooperation. A parallel theme has emerged in animal behavior research, where cooperation remains a major focus. In social science, the advent of game-theoretic models of behavior led to cooperation being viewed as an anomaly or mystery. Only recently, in the face of overwhelming laboratory and field evidence, were formal models expanded to reveal how such behaviors could be "rational." Similarly, in animal behavior research (including human animals), the pervasiveness of cooperative behaviors challenged theorists to explain how they increased fitness. Understanding the evolutionary origins of cooperation among individuals, and among groups and species, is one of the triumphs of 20th-century biology. At the same time, the study of conflict among individuals or groups also has led to important insights. The focus has been less on game-theoretic or evolutionary underpinnings, because the behavior is seen as a logical outgrowth of standard models of the drive to survive and reproduce. Conflict is seen as arising from resource competition, with the extra resources claimed by winners serving to enhance their utility (in social science) or survival and reproduction (in animal research). For the most part conflict has been studied separately from cooperation. They are,however, two sides of the same coin. Cooperation and conflict can be viewed as endpoints on a continuum of behavioral possibilities. But cooperation and conflict also are intertwined in a different way. Conflict, or the potential for conflict, may be necessary to support cooperation, and cooperation within a group may be necessary to mount successful conflict with another group. This workshop advances understanding of the fundamental social and biological forces that shape interactions involving cooperation and conflict. This approach stands to fundamentally transform our understanding of the interplay of cooperation and conflict. The workshop provides an important advance in the theoretical core of a wide range of disciplines. In addition, the project funds follow-on collaborative projects resulting from the workshop, thus leveraging the assembled expertise to produce new knowledge. In addition, the workshop explicitly includes the participation of PhD students and postdocs from a variety of disciplines, and it is expected that these younger scholars will participate in the funded projects, thus influencing the next generation of scholars.

该项目通过将社会科学和动物行为的研究领导者聚集在跨学科研讨会上，将合作与冲突的研究整合在一起。该研讨会旨在促进和整合思想和方法，刺激创意，新的研究项目，并致力于创建一个统一的框架，以思考合作，竞争及其基本机制。在过去的几十年中，社会科学的主要主题之一是人类合作的非凡能力。在动物行为研究中出现了一个平行的主题，在该研究中，合作仍然是主要重点。在社会科学中，游戏理论模型的出现导致合作被视为一种异常或神秘。直到最近，面对压倒性的实验室和现场证据，正式模型才扩展到揭示这种行为如何“理性”。 同样，在动物行为研究（包括人类动物）中，合作行为的普遍性挑战了理论家，以解释他们如何提高适合度。了解个人之间以及群体和物种之间合作的进化起源是20世纪生物学的胜利之一。同时，对个人或群体之间的冲突研究也导致了重要的见解。重点不太放在游戏理论或进化的基础上，因为该行为被视为生存和繁殖的标准模型的逻辑生长。冲突被认为是由于资源竞争引起的，获奖者声称的额外资源旨在增强其效用（在社会科学）或生存和生殖（在动物研究中）。在大多数情况下，冲突已与合作分开研究。但是，它们是同一枚硬币的两个方面。合作和冲突可以视为行为可能性连续的终点。但是，合作与冲突也以不同的方式交织在一起。 冲突或冲突的潜力可能是支持合作的必要条件，并且在一个团体内的合作可能是与另一组成功冲突的必要条件。该研讨会提高了对塑造涉及合作与冲突的相互作用的基本社会和生物力量的理解。这种方法从根本上改变了我们对合作与冲突相互作用的理解。该研讨会在广泛学科的理论核心中提供了重要的进步。此外，该项目还基金是由研讨会产生的后续协作项目，从而利用了组装专业知识来产生新知识。此外，研讨会明确包括来自各个学科的博士学位学生和博士后的参与，预计这些年轻的学者将参与资助的项目，从而影响下一代学者。