Interdisciplinary Workshop on Cooperation, Conflict and the Evolution of Sociality at the Texas A&M Univ Campus, 2014.

德克萨斯大学合作、冲突和社会演化跨学科研讨会

• 批准号: 1331418
• 负责人: Catherine Eckel
• 金额: $ 12.15万
• 依托单位: Texas A&M University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2013
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2013-09-01 至 2018-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1331418&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Interdisciplinary; Workshop; Cooperation; Conflict; Evolution

This project integrates the study of cooperation and conflict by bringing together research leaders in social science and animal behavior for an interdisciplinary workshop. The workshop is designed to foster exchange and integrate ideas and methods, to spur creative, new research projects, and to work towards creating a unified framework for thinking about cooperation and competition and their underlying mechanisms. One of the dominant themes of social science in the past several decades has been the remarkable capacity of humans for cooperation. A parallel theme has emerged in animal behavior research, where cooperation remains a major focus. In social science, the advent of game-theoretic models of behavior led to cooperation being viewed as an anomaly or mystery. Only recently, in the face of overwhelming laboratory and field evidence, were formal models expanded to reveal how such behaviors could be "rational." Similarly, in animal behavior research (including human animals), the pervasiveness of cooperative behaviors challenged theorists to explain how they increased fitness. Understanding the evolutionary origins of cooperation among individuals, and among groups and species, is one of the triumphs of 20th-century biology. At the same time, the study of conflict among individuals or groups also has led to important insights. The focus has been less on game-theoretic or evolutionary underpinnings, because the behavior is seen as a logical outgrowth of standard models of the drive to survive and reproduce. Conflict is seen as arising from resource competition, with the extra resources claimed by winners serving to enhance their utility (in social science) or survival and reproduction (in animal research). For the most part conflict has been studied separately from cooperation. They are,however, two sides of the same coin. Cooperation and conflict can be viewed as endpoints on a continuum of behavioral possibilities. But cooperation and conflict also are intertwined in a different way. Conflict, or the potential for conflict, may be necessary to support cooperation, and cooperation within a group may be necessary to mount successful conflict with another group. This workshop advances understanding of the fundamental social and biological forces that shape interactions involving cooperation and conflict. This approach stands to fundamentally transform our understanding of the interplay of cooperation and conflict. The workshop provides an important advance in the theoretical core of a wide range of disciplines. In addition, the project funds follow-on collaborative projects resulting from the workshop, thus leveraging the assembled expertise to produce new knowledge. In addition, the workshop explicitly includes the participation of PhD students and postdocs from a variety of disciplines, and it is expected that these younger scholars will participate in the funded projects, thus influencing the next generation of scholars.

这个项目通过将社会科学和动物行为学的研究带头人聚集在一起，举办一个跨学科的研讨会，将合作和冲突的研究整合在一起。讲习班的目的是促进交流和整合想法和方法，鼓励创造性的新研究项目，并努力创建一个统一的框架，思考合作和竞争及其基本机制。在过去的几十年里，社会科学的一个主要主题是人类非凡的合作能力。在动物行为研究中出现了一个类似的主题，合作仍然是一个主要焦点。在社会科学中，行为的博弈论模型的出现导致合作被视为一种反常或神秘。直到最近，面对压倒性的实验室和现场证据，正式的模型才得到扩展，以揭示这种行为如何可能是“理性的”。同样，在动物行为研究(包括人类动物)中，合作行为的普遍性向理论家提出了挑战，要求他们解释它们是如何增加健康的。了解个体之间、群体和物种之间合作的进化起源，是20世纪生物学的胜利之一。与此同时，对个人或群体之间冲突的研究也带来了重要的见解。人们对博弈论或进化基础的关注较少，因为这种行为被视为生存和繁殖动力的标准模式的合乎逻辑的产物。冲突被认为是由资源竞争引起的，获胜者要求的额外资源有助于提高他们的效用(在社会科学方面)或生存和繁殖(在动物研究方面)。在很大程度上，冲突与合作是分开研究的。然而，它们是一枚硬币的两面。合作和冲突可以被视为行为可能性连续体的终点。但合作和冲突也以不同的方式交织在一起。冲突或潜在的冲突对于支持合作可能是必要的，而一个群体内部的合作可能是与另一个群体成功冲突所必需的。这次讲习班增进了对形成涉及合作和冲突的相互作用的基本社会和生物力量的理解。这种做法将从根本上改变我们对合作与冲突相互作用的理解。研讨会在广泛学科的理论核心方面取得了重要进展。此外，该项目还为讲习班产生的后续合作项目提供资金，从而利用汇集的专门知识产生新的知识。此外，研讨会明确包括来自不同学科的博士生和博士后参加，预计这些较年轻的学者将参与资助的项目，从而影响下一代学者。