Novel Methods to Observe Heat and Ice in the High Latitudes Using PIES

使用 PIES 观测高纬度地区的热量和冰的新方法

• 批准号: 1332911
• 负责人: Magdalena Andres
• 金额: $ 48.3万
• 依托单位: Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2013
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2013-09-01 至 2017-02-28
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1332911&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Novel; Methods; Observe; Heat; Ice

This project will develop and test a non-traditional method to measure the time-varying heat content and vertical temperature profile in high-latitude seas, shelves, and fjords using pressure-sensor-equipped inverted echo sounders (PIES). PIES, which are installed on the seafloor below the reach of destructive iceberg keels, present a promising and inexpensive way to improve understanding of fjord dynamics and shelf-fjord interactions and will increase long-term monitoring capabilities in high latitudes where remoteness and harsh conditions hamper traditional in situ observation techniques. The use of PIES to characterize variability at high latitudes is a novel repurposing of an existing technology, but rests on the same principle as the traditional blue-water uses for PIES: due to the dependence of sound speed on temperature, the surface-to-bottom round-trip acoustic-travel-time associated with reflections between the PIES and the air-sea interface is an excellent proxy for heat content in the intervening water column. Furthermore, since reflections from seawater-ice interfaces are also detected when ice is present, PIES also provide a means to characterize the ice component in high-latitude systems. The PIs propose to develop these methods with existing PIES data collected in a 1-year test deployment in Sermilik Fjord in eastern Greenland and with observations to be collected in a 2-year deployment of three PIES in the fjord and on the nearby shelf.

该项目将开发和测试一种非传统方法，利用配备压力传感器的反向回声测深仪测量高纬度海洋、大陆架和峡湾中随时间变化的热含量和垂直温度分布。PIES安装在破坏性冰山龙骨所及之下的海底，为增进对峡湾动力学和陆架-峡湾相互作用的了解提供了一个有希望和廉价的方法，并将提高高纬度地区的长期监测能力，因为在这些地区，偏远和恶劣的条件阻碍了传统的现场观测技术。使用PIES来表征高纬度地区的变化是对现有技术的一种新的再利用，但与传统的蓝水使用PIES的原理相同：由于声速对温度的依赖性，与PIES和海气界面之间的反射相关的表面到底部的往返声传播时间是居间水柱中热含量的一个很好的代理。此外，由于海水-冰界面的反射在冰存在时也被检测到，PIES还提供了一种手段来表征高纬度系统中的冰成分。研究所提议利用现有的PIES数据开发这些方法，这些数据是在格陵兰东部的Sermilik峡湾进行为期1年的测试部署时收集的，观测数据是在峡湾和附近大陆架上进行为期2年的三个PIES部署时收集的。