The Northwestern North Atlantic: a Retrospective Analysis of Observations from the CV Oleander on the Shelf and Slope

这项研究利用机遇号船收集的长期观测和区域高分辨率数值模式的输出，研究了北大西洋西北部大陆架和陆坡上的长期变化。这一地区被强调为海平面上升和海洋变暖的热点，这些趋势叠加了强烈的年际至年代际变化。这项研究将调查驱动大陆架温度和海平面低频变化的过程，重点是最近变化背后的物理机制。该项目还包括，根据一艘每周往返于新泽西州和百慕大之间的商船“Oleander”号收集的轮廓，编制以观测为基础的沿海温度指数，并调查这些温度指数与海平面和大气压力有关的年际变化的潜在预报因素。要研究的过程对气候和商业渔业都有重要影响。结果将在气候和大陆架讲习班上公布。PI将通过现有的夹竹桃计划网站向科学界提供从观测中获得的数据产品。PIS还将继续公共沟通和外联工作，包括访问当地的一个8年级教室，建立在与中学科学教师的长期外联努力的基础上，并通过罗德岛的商业渔业研究基金会向商业渔民进行外联，该基金会与伍兹霍尔海洋研究所有密切联系。这个项目将支持和培训一名研究生，他已经发表了一篇关于这一数据集的同行评议论文。温度截面(跨越37年)和速度截面(跨越22年)已经通过CV Oleander使用一次性深海测温仪(XBTS)和舰载声学多普勒海流剖面仪(ADCP)收集。这个数据集的独特之处在于它的高分辨率，持续时间长达数十年，以及共同定位的温度和速度观测。CVOleander收集的温度数据可以解析嵌入该地区年周期的年际到十年信号。此外，沿着一条恒定航道积累的温度记录的特殊持续时间，以及它们与来自船只的速度和表面盐度测量以及补充数据集(例如卫星测高、再分析风和验潮仪数据)的结合，将使这项研究能够表征变异性，并探索推动变化的机制，如墨西哥湾流位置的变化、大尺度风强迫的变化以及沿大陆架平流的变化。这项研究还将利用一个高分辨率数值模式的现有输出，该模式能够准确地捕捉该地区的可变性。该地区已被确定为海洋变暖的速度相对于全球平均速度非常高。该区域的变异性将公海现象(墨西哥湾流、深西部边界流和大西洋子午线翻转环流)与陆架现象(中大西洋海湾陆架环流、搁置喷流动力学和生态系统动力学)联系起来。

This study examines the long-term variability in the northwestern North Atlantic over the continental shelf and slope using long-duration observations collected by a ship of opportunity and output from a regional high-resolution numerical model. This area has been highlighted as a hotspot of sea level rise and ocean warming with the trends superimposed on strong interannual to decadal variability. This study will investigate the processes driving the low-frequency variability of shelf temperature and sea level, with a focus on the physical mechanisms underlying the recent changes. The project also includes the development of observation-based coastal temperature indexes from profiles collected by the CV Oleander, a commercial vessel that operates weekly round-trip transits between New Jersey and Bermuda, and investigation of potential predictors of interannual variability of these temperature indexes relating to sea level and atmospheric pressure. The processes to be studied have important implications for both climate and commercial fisheries. Results will be presented in both climate and continental shelf workshops. The PIs will provide the data products derived from the observations to the science community via existing Oleander Program websites. The PIs will also continue public communication and outreach efforts including visits to a local 8th grade classroom, building on a long-term outreach effort with the middle school science teacher and outreach directed to commercial fishermen through the Commercial Fisheries Research Foundation in Rhode Island, which has strong links to Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution. This project will support and train a graduate student who has already published a peer-reviewed paper on this data set.The temperature sections (spanning 37 years) and velocity sections (spanning 22 years) have been collected with expendable bathythermographs (XBTs) and a shipboard acoustic Doppler current profiler (ADCP) via the CV Oleander. This data set is unique in terms of its high resolution, extended duration over multiple decades, and co-located temperature and velocity observations. Temperature data collected by the CV Oleander can resolve the interannual to decadal signals embedded in the region's annual cycle. Further, the exceptional duration of the temperature records amassed along a constant ship route, and their combination with velocity and surface salinity measurements from the ship and complementary data sets (e.g., satellite altimetry, reanalysis winds, and tide gauge data) will allow this study to characterize the variability and to explore mechanisms driving the changes such as shifts in Gulf Stream position, changes in large scale wind forcing, and changes in along-shelf advection. The study will also capitalize on existing output from a high-resolution numerical model that captures variability in the region with fidelity. This region has been identified as having a very high rate of ocean warming relative to the global mean rate. Variability in this region links open-ocean phenomena (Gulf Stream, Deep Western Boundary Current, and Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation, AMOC) to shelf phenomena (Middle Atlantic Bight shelf circulation, shelfbreak jet dynamics, and ecosystem dynamics).