Doctoral Dissertation Research: Migration, Nationalism, and Welfare State Reform

ses - 1333211 -罗宾StrykerJ。20世纪90年代标志着福利国家从提供转移支付和实物福利（如医疗保健）转向为个人提供重新进入劳动力市场所需技能的政策。尽管这些以就业为重点的项目成功地将以前被排除在外的群体（如妇女）纳入了劳动力大军，但现有的研究表明，这些项目通过促进新形式的制度化不平等的发展，并使移民被迫融入欧洲社会合法化，对欧洲的移民产生了负面影响。为了确定为什么这些计划继续实施，尽管它们对移民产生了意想不到的后果，以及移民如何影响福利国家计划的结构和慷慨，本项目研究：1。从非欧盟/穆斯林国家进入欧洲的移民率的变化如何以及在多大程度上影响了公众对福利国家计划的支持。2 .政治家是否利用移民的变化来影响公众对政策改革的支持，这些政策改革削减和重组了现有的福利国家计划，并将服务提供从国家转移到市场。非欧盟/穆斯林国家移民率的变化如何导致这些国家福利计划的侵蚀/重组？为了回答这些问题，本研究使用来自欧洲价值调查（EVS）和国际社会调查计划（ISSP）的公开数据来分析公众对福利国家和移民态度的变化。这些数据将用于确定人口是否更容易接受反移民言论，以及为应对移民变化而提出的福利国家改革。除了这些定量分析之外，英国议会记录将被置于更大的历史背景下进行审查，以确定反移民言论是否被用来呼吁改革劳工激活计划、反贫困政策和/或再分配计划。英国案例的研究结果将用于评估移民的变化是否也可能与瑞典的福利国家重组努力有关，瑞典传统上是一个更强大、更能进行再分配的福利国家。更广泛的影响通过研究利用移民来证明重组和削减现有福利国家政策的合理性，本研究将帮助我们了解群体划分在政策制定过程中发挥的作用；欧洲国家的公民反移民情绪是否正在上升，对福利国家的支持是否在减少；以及在争取福利国家改革支持的过程中，某些群体的分歧是如何或多或少地凸显出来的。如果这项研究的结果表明欧洲国家的公民中反移民情绪正在增加；调查结果可能有助于欧洲立法者确定反移民情绪的潜在原因和解决这些问题的方法。

SES-1333211Robin StrykerJ. Taylor DanielsonUniversity of ArizonaThe 1990s marked the movement of welfare states away from providing transfer payments and benefits-in-kind (e.g., healthcare) toward policies that equip individuals with the skills necessary to re-enter the labor market. Although these employment-focused programs successfully incorporated previously excluded groups (e.g., women) into the labor force, existing research suggests that these programs negatively impact immigrants in Europe by contributing to the development of new forms of institutionalized inequality and legitimizing the forced assimilation of immigrants into European society. To determine why these programs continue to be implemented despite their unintended consequences for immigrants and how immigration affects the structure and generosity of welfare state programs, this project examines:1. How, and to what extent, changes in immigration rates from non-EU/Muslim countries into Europe have affected public support for welfare state programs.2. Whether politicians have used changes in immigration to influence public support for policy reforms that cut back and restructure existing welfare state programs and shift service provision from the state onto the market.3. How changes in immigration rates from non-EU/Muslim countries into previously ethnically homogeneous European countries have contributed to the erosion/restructuring of welfare state programs in these countries. To answer these questions, this study uses publicly available data from the European Value Survey (EVS) and the International Social Survey Programme (ISSP) to analyze changes in public attitudes toward both the welfare state and immigrants. These data will be used to determine if populations have become more or less receptive to anti-immigrant rhetoric and proposed welfare state reforms in response to changes in immigration. In addition to these quantitative analyses, parliamentary records from the United Kingdom will be examined and situated in a larger historical context to determine if anti-immigrant rhetoric was used to call for reform of labor activation programs, anti-poverty policies, and/or redistributive programs. The findings from the U.K. case will be used to assess whether or not changes in immigration may also be linked to welfare state restructuring efforts in Sweden, traditionally a more robust and redistributive welfare state.Broader ImpactsBy examining the use of immigration to justify restructuring and cutting existing welfare state policies, this study will help us understand what role group divisions play in the policymaking process; whether or not European countries are experiencing increases in anti-immigrant sentiment among their citizenry and reduced support for the welfare state; and how certain group divisions are rendered more or less salient in an attempt to generate support for welfare state reform. Should the results of this study demonstrate that European countries are experiencing increases in anti-immigrant sentiment among their citizenry; findings could potentially assist European lawmakers in identifying the potential causes of anti-immigrant sentiment and methods for addressing these issues.