COLLABORATIVE RESEARCH: Particle mediated enhanced transport of semi-volatile organic compounds in indoor environments

CBET 1336807/1335722/1336202格伦莫里森/詹妮弗本宁/约翰利特尔密苏里科技大学/索达矿业学院/技术/弗吉尼亚理工学院圣大学建筑物的居住者暴露于有毒化学品从大量的现代建筑产品和家具，不断释放这些化合物。居住者通过吸入、进食、饮水甚至通过皮肤吸收半挥发性有机化合物（SVOC），如增塑剂、杀虫剂、阻燃剂等。室内环境中来自烟雾、烹饪、吸烟和其他来源的空气传播颗粒的存在可能会显著增加这些化合物的皮肤吸收。这项研究将测试这样一个假设，即空气中的颗粒物会增加SVOCs来源的化学排放率，并通过改变这些化学物质从表面到表面的运输方式，将这些化学物质沉积到皮肤和衣服等表面上。该系统的理论模型预测，从室内表面和材料到居住者的迁移率将增加10倍，从而增加吸入和皮肤（皮肤）剂量。这是因为颗粒在进出表面附近的区域时会吸收和释放大量的SVOC。 拟议的研究将仔细结合联合收割机实验量化的相关参数（分配和运输现象）与模型分析。在现实的环境条件下，有机和盐颗粒将与纯SVOC（邻苯二甲酸酯，多溴联苯醚，多氯联苯）和气相沉积速率将被测量平板和管状几何形状的平衡。结果将用于测试粒子介导的增强排放和吸收的理论模型。此外，实验结果和传质模型将被整合到室内空气质量模型中，以改善对SVOCs室内源的暴露、剂量和风险的预测。该研究团队将整合本科生和研究生在现场收集样本，模型分析和暴露预测。他们的经验将为学生审查的SVOCs教育模块的开发提供信息，该模块将通过环境工程和科学教授协会进行传播。建筑物的居住者可以通过吸入、食用食物和饮料甚至通过皮肤吸收有毒的增塑剂、杀虫剂、阻燃剂和其他化学品。这项研究考察了室内环境中来自烟雾、烹饪、吸烟和其他来源的空气中颗粒物可能会极大地增加这些化合物的吸收的程度。虽然最近的理论模型已经预测了这种可能性，但该项目将是第一个在实验和现实条件下测试该模型的项目。这些新知识将为卫生专业人员提供工具，以更好地了解和预测与各种环境情景中的低挥发性化学品相关的接触和风险。研究结果将有助于更好地理解和减轻吸烟和烹饪等活动造成的高颗粒环境的健康风险。这项研究还将帮助制造商通过确定应该避免的化学物质来重新制定建筑材料等产品。

CBET 1336807/1335722/1336202Glenn Morrison/Jennifer Benning/John LittleMissouri University of Science & Technology/So Dak School of Mines/ Tech/VA Polytechnic Inst & St. Univ.Occupants of buildings are exposed to toxic chemicals from the vast number of modern building products and furnishings that continuously release these compounds. Occupants absorb semi-volatile organic compounds (SVOCs) such as plasticizers, pesticides, flame-retardants, and others through inhaling, eating, drinking and even by absorbing them through the skin. The presence of airborne particles in the indoor environment from smog, cooking, smoking and other sources may dramatically increase dermal absorption for these compounds. This research will test the hypothesis that airborne particles increase chemical emission rates from sources of SVOCs and deposition of these chemicals onto surfaces such as skin and clothing by altering the way these chemicals are transported from surface-to-surface. A theoretical model of this system predicts as much as a 10-fold increase in the rate of transport from indoor surfaces and materials to occupants, thereby increasing inhalation and dermal (skin) dose. This occurs because particles can absorb and release very large amounts of SVOCs as they move in and out of regions near surfaces. The proposed research will carefully combine experimental quantification of relevant parameters (partition and transport phenomena) with model analysis. Under realistic environmental conditions, organic and salt particles will be equilibrated with a pure SVOC (phthalate esters, polybrominated diphenyl ethers, polychlorinated biphenyls) and the gas-phase deposition rates will be measured for flat plate and tubular geometries. The results will be used to test theoretical models of particle-mediated enhanced emissions and uptake. Further, experimental results and mass-transfer models will be integrated into indoor air quality models to improve predictions of exposure, dose and risk to indoor sources of SVOCs. The research team will integrate undergraduate and graduate students in field collection of samples, model analysis and exposure predictions. Their experiences will inform the development of a student-vetted educational module on SVOCs which will be disseminated through the Association for Environmental Engineering and Science Professors.Building occupants can absorb toxic plasticizers, pesticides, flame-retardants, and others chemicals through inhalation, consumption of food and beverages, and even absorption through the skin. This research examines the extent to which airborne particles in the indoor environment from smog, cooking, smoking and other sources may dramatically increase absorption for these compounds. Although this possibility has been predicted by a recent theoretical model, this project will be the first to test the model experimentally and under real-world conditions. This new knowledge will provide health professionals with tools to better understand and predict exposure and risk associated with low-volatility chemicals in a wide range of environmental scenarios. The results will help to better understand and mitigate the health risks of high-particulate environments that result from activities such as smoking and cooking. The research will also help manufacturers reformulate products such as building materials by identifying those chemicals that should be avoided.