MRI: Acquisition of a Neurophysiology Laboratory for a Research and Training Initiative in Affective, Social, and Cognitive Neuroscience

在美国国家科学基金会主要研究仪器计划的支持下，Joseph A.Mikels博士和他的四名合作研究人员将购买具有眼睛跟踪和生理测量能力的集成脑电/事件相关电位(EEG/ERP)采集系统。利用这些技术，研究小组将探索成年人一生中几种情感、社交和认知现象的神经和生理基础。该设备将加强必要的教学、培训和研究基础设施，以便更好地为德保罗大学本科生、研究生和教职员工服务。这个教学和研究实验室将服务于几个系的教职员工和学生的需求，并将代表一个核心计划，使德保罗成为健康和生命科学领域的一个有竞争力的机构。研究团队包括情绪、认知、社会心理学和神经科学领域的活跃研究人员。提出了五个合作研究项目。项目1关注的是成年人一生中情绪和认知的变化如何影响决策。PI将测量EEG/ERP以及情绪唤醒的生理测量，以了解与年龄相关的决策变化的基础。在任务中，老年人在不同的信息呈现环境中表现出偏向和非最佳选择，例如框架效应和比率偏向现象。项目2将探索动机变化背后的因果机制，这些变化发生在对生活和生活经历的有限反应中。该项目将利用事件相关电位方法来了解死亡率、突显性和情绪因素如何影响老年人和年轻人的大脑激活和信息处理。这项工作还将把对两种不同理论--社会情绪选择性理论(SST)和恐怖管理理论(TMT)--之间的相似性的评估扩展到艺术欣赏领域。项目3将使用事件相关电位和眼球跟踪方法，在自然主义评估的背景下，研究年龄差异在情绪配价信息加工(即积极效应)中的神经机制。此外，本项目将研究这些判断现象之间的关系如何潜在地影响与年龄有关的住房贷款选择的差异。将SST和积极效应扩展到这一领域有望揭示如何更好地保护老年人免受欺诈。项目4探索了工作记忆容量如何影响阅读过程中不同推理生成的大脑局部化。此外，研究人员将研究年轻人和老年人在阅读叙事性文本时进行推理的时间进程。项目5将使用事件相关电位方法更好地阐明超过传统反应时(RT)测量方法的词汇加工的准确时间进程。有趣的是，老年人在词汇判断任务中的速度往往较慢，但他们提取词汇信息的效率与年轻人一样高。使用ERP方法，本项目将阐明RT分布中的特征和词汇加工任务中的ERP成分之间的关系，以及它们是如何随着年龄的变化而变化的。该项目的智力优势来自于德保罗大学将研究能力扩展到包括神经科学和生理学方法的目标。如上所述，这些方法将允许教职员工和学生探索更深层次的问题。研究的核心是人类认知功能随时间的变化，考虑到美国人口老龄化和劳动力中老年人数量的增加，这是一个重要的问题。这项研究的更广泛影响还源于它适用于从认知到社会心理学和决策科学的几个研究领域，从寿命的角度来看。

With the support from the National Science Foundation's Major Research Instrumentation Program, Dr. Joseph A. Mikels and his four co-investigators will purchase an integrated electroencephalography/event related potential (EEG/ERP) acquisition system with eye tracking and physiology measurement capabilities. With these technologies, the research team will explore the neural and physiological underpinnings of several affective, social, and cognitive phenomena across the adult life span. This equipment will strengthen the teaching, training, and research infrastructure necessary to better serve DePaul University undergraduate students, graduate students, and faculty. This teaching and research laboratory will serve the needs of both the faculty and students in several departments, and will represent a centerpiece program that will enable DePaul to become a competitive institution in the health and life sciences. The research team includes active researchers in the field of emotion, cognition, social psychology, and neuroscience. Five collaborative research projects are proposed. Project 1 focuses on how changes in emotion and cognition across the adult life span influence decision making. The PI will measure EEG/ERP alongside physiological measures of emotional arousal to understand the underpinnings of age-related changes in decision making. Tasks will be administered in which older adults demonstrate biased and non-optimal choices in different contexts of information presentation, for instance the framing effect and ratio bias phenomenon. Project 2 will explore the causal mechanism underlying motivational shifts that occur in reaction to the finitude of life and life experiences. The project will utilize ERP methods to understand how mortality salience and emotional factors influence brain activation and information processing in older and younger adults. This work will also extend the evaluation of similarities between two pitted theories - Socioemotional Selectivity Theory (SST) and Terror Management Theory (TMT) - to the domain of art appreciation. Project 3 will use ERP and eye-tracking methods to examine the neural mechanisms of age differences in the processing of emotionally valenced information (i.e., the positivity effect) in the context of naturalistic evaluations. In addition this project will examine how the relationship between these judgment phenomena potentially affects age-related differences in home-loan choices. Extending SST and the positivity effect to this domain promises to shed light upon how to better protect seniors from fraud. Project 4 explores how working memory capacity affects cerebral localizations of various inference generations during reading. In addition, researchers will examine the time course under which inferences occur in younger as well as older adults while reading narrative text. Project 5 will use ERP methods to better elucidate the precise time course of lexical processing above and beyond traditional reaction time (RT) measures across the adult life span. Interestingly, older adults tend to be slower in lexical decision tasks, but they extract the lexical information as efficiently as younger adults. Using ERP methods, the current project will shed light on the relationship between features in RT distributions and ERP components in a lexical processing task and how they change as a function of aging.This project draws its intellectual merit from the goal of extending the research capabilities at DePaul University to include neuroscience and physiology methods. These methods will allow the faculty and students to explore questions of a deeper nature, as described above.The core of the research concerns changes in human cognitive function over time and this is an issue of importance given the aging population of the United States and the increasing numbers of older individuals in the workforce. The broader impact of this research also stems from its applicability across several domains of inquiry from cognition to social psychology and decision sciences from a life-span perspective.