ELT Collaborative Research: Beyond the Boring Billion: Late Proterozoic Glaciation, Oxygenation and the Proliferation of Complex Life

ELT合作研究：超越无聊的十亿人：晚元古代的冰川作用、氧合作用和复杂生命的增殖作者：蒂莫西·里昂，加州大学，滨江，马萨诸塞州-1338299尼古拉斯·普拉纳夫斯基，达特茅斯学院，马萨诸塞州-1338208克里斯托弗·莱因哈德，格鲁吉亚理工学院，马萨诸塞州-1338290摘要地球历史的中间阶段，大约在18亿至8亿年前，海洋和大气中的氧气水平普遍较低，但持续存在，氧气水平稳定，早期生物的发展受到了十亿年的抑制。这个循环是如何以及何时被打破的，是地球生命历史上尚未回答的核心问题。最终上升到更高的氧气水平，并最终出现的动物一般对应于历史上最极端的气候事件和山脉建设事件，所有这些事件和过程之间的时间和因果关系是研究的前沿。 为此，我们将构建一个异常全面的化学数据集，用于澳大利亚和加拿大北极地区的岩石，这些岩石直接沉积在稳定的“无聊”十亿和随后的主要里程碑之间的过渡期内。毫无疑问，7亿至8亿年前全球规模的冰川作用的开始是地球历史上最引人注目的环境转变之一，真核生物的辐射通常是同步的，比它们的微生物祖先更复杂，动物的出现是漫长的生命史上最引人注目的进化事件之一。拟议的多学科团队将阐明这些关键事件的时间及其与地球氧化的可能联系，同时探索生物创新，氧气和全球规模冰川作用开始之间的因果关系。该研究的全方位影响将远远超出内在的科学价值，包括为所有三个机构的不同本科生群体提供高水平的研究机会。 我们还将通过赞助科学博览会项目，并通过许多不同的贡献，以新的滨江干学院，包括一个系列讲座，将带来杰出的科学家和工程师进入学校的组织接触到社区。 这项研究还包括研究生的合作指导计划，包括学生交流，这是两位新教授早期职业生涯的重要一步。

ELT Collaborative Research: Beyond the Boring Billion: Late Proterozoic Glaciation, Oxygenation and the Proliferation of Complex LifebyTimothy Lyons, Univ. California, Riverside, EAR-1338299Nicholas Planavsky, Dartmouth College, EAR-1338208Christopher Reinhard, Georgia Tech, EAR-1338290ABSTRACTThe middle chapters in Earth's history, roughly 1.8 to 0.8 billion years ago, were defined by remarkable stability in generally low but persistent oxygen levels in the ocean and atmosphere and stifled development of early organisms for a billion years. How and when this cycle was broken are among the central unanswered questions in the history of life on Earth. The eventual rise to higher oxygen levels and ultimately the appearance of animals correspond generally with history's most extreme climatic events and mountain building episodes, and the timing and cause-and-effect relationships among all these events and processes are frontiers ripe for study. To this end, we will construct an unusually comprehensive chemical data set for rocks from Australia and Arctic Canada deposited directly within the transition between the stable 'boring' billion and the major milestones that followed. The onset of global-scale glaciation 0.7 to 0.8 billion years ago is without question one of the most dramatic environmental transitions in Earth history, and the generally synchronous radiation of eukaryotic organisms, with greater complexity than their microbial ancestors, and the emergence of animals are among the most remarkable evolutionary events in the long history of life. The proposed multidisciplinary team will illuminate the timing of these key events and their likely links to Earth's oxygenation, while probing the cause-and-effect relationships among biological innovation, oxygen, and the onset of global-scale glaciation. The study's full range of impacts will reach far beyond the intrinsic scientific merit, including high-level research opportunities for the diverse undergraduate populations at all three institutions. We will also reach out into the community through sponsorship of science fair projects and through many different contributions to the new Riverside STEM Academy, including organization of a lecture series that will bring prominent scientists and engineers into the school. The study also includes plans for collaborative mentoring of graduate students, including student exchanges, and is an important step in the early careers of two new professors.