Doctoral Dissertation Improvement Grant: Social Identity and Inequality: A Multi-Generational Case Study of the African Diaspora

博士论文改进补助金：社会认同和不平等：非洲侨民的多代案例研究

• 批准号: 1340164
• 负责人: Laurie Wilkie
• 金额: $ 1.92万
• 依托单位: University of California-Berkeley
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2013
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2013-08-01 至 2014-09-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1340164&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Doctoral; Dissertation; Improvement; Grant; Social

Under the guidance of Dr. Laurie Wilkie, Annelise Morris will conduct a research project utilizing archaeological excavations, documentary and oral historical research to examine the lived experiences of free African-Americans on the Illinois frontier. Located in Lawrence County in Southeastern Illinois, this study area encompasses three rural homesteads, occupied from approximately 1827 to the present. This long occupation period offers an opportunity to study the changing economic and social realities for African-Americans from the early pioneer period, through the Civil War and Jim Crow into the 20th century. Ms. Morris will use these multiple lines of evidence to examine how lived social and economic experiences changed for African-Americans through this time period, and how this reflects changing formations of race and social identity in U.S. society. The importance of examining social identities such as race and their relationship to social inequality, throughout anthropological history, been reflected by and through studies of our own societies. Excavations will focus on recovery of materials from household activity areas, such as yard spaces, root cellars, and household interiors. The project will examine ceramic, glass, and metal materials focusing on the stylistic and economic choices being made at these sites. Additionally Ms. Morris will examine zooarchaeological remains, which are expected to reflect the changing livestock economy (from sale to sustenance), food-sharing, and dietary practices. Ms. Morris will also analyze paleoethnobotanical remains (evidence of plants and their consumption at the site) to speak further to dietary practices, and to the home medical and herbal remedies utilized by populations such as this which did not have easy access to outside medical care. This project will these archaeological materials recovered from these 19th and early 20th century farmstead sites, and compare these results with similar sites occupied by non African-American settlers. By examining difference in consumption, stylistic, dietary and other choices, Ms. Morris will explore how the realities of living in a society structured in dominance shaped rural African-American society. This study hypothesizes that by maintaining a rural, self-sufficient farming livelihood, free African-Americans were able to cope with racism through this self-sufficiency. By examining this issue in a 19th century setting, this study is not only a commentary of the formation of our own modern society, but the results can be used to think through this anthropological problem through time. This project is based heavily in community outreach and participation. Ms. Morris is a member of the descendant community, and as such has sought to evaluate and strengthen archaeological relationships with stakeholders, making the area's history and this scientific exploration relevant and accessible to the local community, focusing on incorporation of community interest and knowledge. All work at the site has been and will continue to be open and accessible to public, for visiting, exploring and volunteering. Through this, the project will bring opportunities for community volunteers, students, and teachers to experience scientific and historical research to a rural area where such opportunities are few, and will enrich interpretations of the archaeological past by creating a dialogue with those people for whom this past is still very salient.

在劳里威尔基博士的指导下，安娜莉丝·莫里斯将利用考古发掘、纪录片和口述历史研究进行一个研究项目，以考察伊利诺斯州边境自由非洲裔美国人的生活经历。位于伊利诺伊州东南部的劳伦斯县，这个研究领域包括三个农村宅基地，从大约1827年到现在。这一漫长的占领时期提供了一个机会，研究不断变化的经济和社会现实的非洲裔美国人从早期的先驱时期，通过内战和吉姆克劳到20世纪世纪。莫里斯将使用这些多线的证据来研究如何生活的社会和经济经验改变了非洲裔美国人通过这段时间，以及如何这反映了种族和社会身份在美国不断变化的形成社会。在整个人类学历史上，研究种族等社会身份及其与社会不平等的关系的重要性，已经通过对我们自己社会的研究得到了反映。 修复工作将侧重于从家庭活动区域回收材料，如庭院空间、根窖和家庭内部。该项目将研究陶瓷，玻璃和金属材料，重点是在这些网站正在作出的风格和经济的选择。此外，莫里斯女士将研究动物考古遗迹，预计将反映不断变化的牲畜经济（从销售到生计），食物分享和饮食习惯。莫里斯女士还将分析古民族植物学遗迹（该遗址的植物及其消费证据），以进一步说明饮食习惯，以及像这样不易获得外部医疗护理的人群所使用的家庭医疗和草药疗法。该项目将从这些19世纪和20世纪初的农场遗址中恢复这些考古材料，并将这些结果与非非洲裔美国人定居者占领的类似遗址进行比较。通过研究消费、风格、饮食和其他选择的差异，莫里斯女士将探讨生活在一个主导结构的社会中的现实如何塑造了农村非洲裔美国人社会。这项研究假设，通过维持农村，自给自足的农业生计，自由的非洲裔美国人能够通过这种自给自足来科普种族主义。通过在19世纪世纪背景下考察这一问题，这项研究不仅是对我们自己现代社会形成的评论，而且其结果可以用来思考这个人类学问题。该项目在很大程度上依赖于社区外联和参与。莫里斯女士是后裔社区的一员，因此一直在努力评估和加强与利益攸关方的考古关系，使该地区的历史和科学探索与当地社区相关并为当地社区所用，重点是纳入社区的兴趣和知识。该网站的所有工作已经并将继续向公众开放，供参观，探索和志愿服务。通过这个项目，社区志愿者，学生和教师将有机会体验科学和历史研究到农村地区，这样的机会很少，并将通过与那些过去仍然非常突出的人建立对话来丰富对考古过去的解释。