Oceanic Response to a Coastal Polynya, Terra Nova Bay, Antarctica

与此同时，南极沿海的珊瑚岛既是无海冰的场所，也是海冰的工厂。它们是开阔的水面位置，发生水团转化和致密化，并与深海环流建立直接的大气交换。由于相对缺乏现场气象和海洋物理观测，这些生产性和多样化海洋生态系统形成和持续的各种模式受到了阻碍。在它们形成和活动的恶劣条件下，在秋冬过渡和极夜，尤其如此。正如卫星对面积、持续时间和浓度的测量所显示的那样，西罗斯海位于两个最大的南极沿海冰湖的下游，恰好是一个继续产生净海冰的区域。本文研究了特拉诺瓦湾（TNB）冰堆的低层大气特性、海气表面热通量和相应的海洋深度剖面，以期更详细地了解冰堆在潜热型海冰的产生和通过海冰排卤形成致密海底水中的作用。该观测项目将同时确定TNB内水体质量变化的机制，并记录大型南极冰湖系统内密集陆架水形成的各个方面。本研究将利用系泊产生的原位柱和近地表海洋观测，在年周期的过程中描述聚水螅内的水团。

Antarctic coastal polynas are, at the same time, sea-ice free sites and sea-ice factories. They are open water surface locations where water mass transformation and densification occurs, and where direct atmospheric exchanges with the deep ocean circulation are established. Various models of the formation and persistence of these productive and diverse ocean ecosystems are hampered by the relative lack of in situ meteorological and physical oceanographic observations. This is especially so during the inhospitable conditions of their formation and activity during autumn to winter transition and the polar night. The Western Ross Sea, downstream from two of the largest coastal Antarctic polynyas, happens to be a region where there continues to be net sea-ice production, as indicated by satellite measurements of areal extent, duration and concentration.Characterization of the lower atmosphere properties, air-sea surface heat fluxes and corresponding ocean depth profiles of the Terra Nova Bay (TNB) polynya, is sought for a more detailed understanding of the role of polynyas in the production of latent-heat type sea ice and the formation, through sea ice brine rejection, of dense ocean bottom waters. This observational program will simultaneously identify mechanisms responsible for water mass modification within TNB and document aspects of dense shelf water formation within a large Antarctic polynya system. This study will characterize the water masses within a polyna over the course of an annual cycle using moorings yielding in-situ column and near-surface oceanic observation.