Investigating Near-Surface Ocean Heating and Mixing Processes in the Presence of Surface Material

研究存在表面物质的近地表海洋加热和混合过程

• 批准号: 2049546
• 负责人: Christopher Zappa
• 金额: $ 36.03万
• 依托单位: Columbia University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2021
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2021-06-01 至 2024-05-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=2049546&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Investigating; Near; Surface; Ocean; Heating

Solar radiation is the largest form of heating of the upper ocean and is unique to the air-sea flux balance due to its penetration beneath the ocean surface. It has been speculated that near-surface heating is enhanced in the presence of algal blooms and surface slicks but this has not been accounted for in current models. Although surface slicks are common in the world oceans, our knowledge of how these slicks impact ocean heating has been limited due to the lack of appropriate observational tools. By using ship-deployed high-endurance Unoccupied Aerial Vehicles (UASs), the investigators targeted large-scale slicks and covered 10s of km2 several times a day. The project is a quantum advance in utilizing UAS technology for science. This investigation will provide new insights into the distribution of heat in the upper ocean due to the presence of surface slicks. This project will improve models of the daily cycles of surface ocean heating, global biogeochemical cycles, and sea surface temperature. These results are in great demand within the regional modeling community of the South Pacific, Maritime Continent, and Indian Ocean. The project will foster the development of the next generation of scientists in Oceanography. The inverstigators will create teaching materials for their existing course at Columbia University. They will also work closely with K-12 teachers in the greater New York City area and with large numbers of students from underrepresented groups through the Earth2Class Workshops.This research project will analyze measurements made onboard the R/V Falkor in November-December 2019 in the Southwest Pacific near Fiji from a combination of novel tools. UASs were equipped with hyperspectral visible, and broadband thermal infrared cameras to study the albedo of sea surface biogenic slicks as well as the sea-surface skin temperature (SST). UASs and ship-based instrumentation measured air-sea heat/radiative fluxes and SST; an autonomous catamaran sampled sea-surface microlayer surfactants and the surface microlayer algae populations; drifters measured the near-surface response of the upper ocean temperature, salinity, ocean currents, and turbulence; spectro-radiometric profiles provided estimates of net radiant flux at depth; and shipboard infrared imaging measured the response of ocean surface SST important to upper-ocean heating. The results will further our understanding of the role cyanobacteria blooms and surface slicks play in physical air-sea interaction. The analyses will expand our knowledge of the upper-ocean mixed layer response to algal blooms and provide novel observations of near-surface ocean heat budget.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

太阳辐射是上层海洋最大的加热形式，由于其穿透海洋表面之下，对海气通量平衡来说是独一无二的。 据推测，近地表加热在藻类大量繁殖和表面浮油的存在下得到加强，但这在目前的模型中还没有考虑到。虽然浮油在世界海洋中很常见，但由于缺乏适当的观测工具，我们对这些浮油如何影响海洋加热的了解有限。通过使用船上部署的高耐久性无人驾驶飞行器（UAS），调查人员瞄准了大规模的浮油，每天多次覆盖10平方公里。 该项目是利用UAS技术进行科学研究的一个巨大进步。这项调查将提供新的见解，在海洋上层的热量分布，由于表面浮油的存在。该项目将改进海洋表面加热日循环、全球海洋地球化学循环和海洋表面温度的模型。这些结果是在南太平洋，海洋大陆和印度洋的区域建模社区的巨大需求。该项目将促进下一代海洋学科学家的发展。 这两名反教者将为他们在哥伦比亚大学的现有课程编写教材。他们还将与大纽约市地区的K-12教师密切合作，并通过Earth 2Class Workshops与来自代表性不足群体的大量学生密切合作。该研究项目将分析2019年11月至12月在斐济附近的西南太平洋的R/V Falkor上使用新工具组合进行的测量。 UAS配备了高光谱可见光和宽带热红外相机，以研究海面生物浮油的温度以及海面表层温度（SST）。无人机系统和船载仪器测量了海气热/辐射通量和SST;一艘自主双体船对海面微层表面活性剂和表面微层藻类种群进行了采样;漂流器测量了上层海洋温度、盐度、洋流和湍流的近表面响应;光谱辐射剖面提供了对深度净辐射通量的估计;船载红外成像测量了海洋表层SST对上层海洋加热的重要响应。 这些结果将进一步加深我们对蓝藻水华和表面浮油在物理海气相互作用中所起作用的理解。这些分析将扩大我们对上层海洋混合层对藻华反应的了解，并提供近地表海洋热量收支的新观测结果。该奖项反映了NSF的法定使命，并被认为值得通过使用基金会的知识价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估来支持。

项目成果

Moored Turbulence Measurements using Pulse-Coherent Doppler Sonar

使用脉冲相干多普勒声纳进行系泊湍流测量

• DOI: 10.1175/jtech-d-21-0005.1
• 发表时间: 2021
• 期刊: Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology
• 影响因子: 2.2
• 作者: Zippel, Seth F.;Farrar, J. Thomas;Zappa, Christopher J.;Miller, Una;Laurent, Louis St.;Ijichi, Takashi;Weller, Robert A.;McRaven, Leah;Nylund, Sven;Le Bel, Deborah
• 通讯作者: Le Bel, Deborah

Scaling of Moored Surface Ocean Turbulence Measurements in the Southeast Pacific Ocean

东南太平洋系泊表面海洋湍流测量的缩放

• DOI: 10.1029/2022jc018901
• 发表时间: 2022
• 期刊: Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans
• 作者: Miller, Una Kim;Zappa, Christopher J.;Zippel, Seth F.;Farrar, J. Thomas;Weller, Robert A.
• 通讯作者: Weller, Robert A.

The Response of Ocean Skin Temperature to Rain: Observations and Implications for Parameterization of Rain‐Induced Fluxes

海洋表层温度对降雨的响应：降雨诱发通量参数化的观测和启示

• DOI: 10.1029/2022jc019146
• 发表时间: 2023
• 期刊: Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans
• 作者: Witte, Carson R.;Zappa, Christopher J.;Edson, James B.
• 通讯作者: Edson, James B.