Discourses about the Halakhah in early Judaism and Christianity: Who should eat when and where in whose company?

早期犹太教和基督教中有关哈拉卡的论述：谁应该在何时何地与谁一起吃饭？

• 批准号: 213331873
• 负责人: Professorin Dr. Christina Eschner
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: Lehrstuhl für Neues Testament I (Neutestamentliche Theologie)
• 依托单位国家: 德国
• 项目类别: Research Fellowships
• 财政年份: 2012
• 资助国家: 德国
• 起止时间: 2011-12-31 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://gepris.dfg.de/gepris/projekt/213331873?language=en
• 关键词: Discourses; about; Halakhah; early; Judaism

Research on the Halakhah is usually directed towards the possible soteriological meaning of the Halakhah. Nevertheless, a critical review of the sources shows that this one-sided view of the Halakhah solely as a means of salvation is not entirely correct. This is because the main supporting documents are not centered around the general importance of the law, but much rather focus on specific questions which originate from certain behaviors and actions of Jesus and his disciples. The discourses about the Halakhah concentrate on questions concerning divorce (Mark 10:1-12; Luke 16:16-18/Matt 5:31-32; Matt 19:1-9), the Sabbath (Luke 14:5/Matt 12:11-12; Mark 2:23-3:6; Luke 13:10-17; 14:1-6) and meals. The topic of food is broadly debated since there are rules concerning prohibited and permitted food (Acts 15:20. 23-29; 1 Cor 8-10; Rom 14), the permitted way of food intake (Luke 11:39/Matt 23:25-26; Mark 7:1-23) and table fellowship (Mark 2:14-17; Luke 7:33-35/Matt 11:18-19; Acts 10-11). These halakhic discourses show that the question of the law is first and foremost a question of practical ethics. The debates about the law in early Christianity correspond to early Jewish discourses about the law as far as they are both concentrating on the Sabbath, food and purity requirements, marital matters and the dealing with Gentiles. The goal of these studies is the examination of the halakhic discourses occuring in the synoptic tradition in the context of evidenced statements on specific questions of the Halakhah concerning daily life in Judaism in order to discuss the early Christian practice of the law in a wider context. Since the questions concerning marriage as well as the Sabbath have been studied extensively before, the focus of this work will lie on the complex of food.

对哈拉卡的研究通常针对哈拉卡可能的救世意义。然而，对资料来源的批判性审查表明，这种将哈拉卡仅仅作为一种救赎手段的片面观点并不完全正确。这是因为主要的支持文件并不以法律的一般重要性为中心，而是集中于源于耶稣和他的门徒的某些行为和行动的具体问题。关于哈拉卡的讨论集中在有关离婚（马可福音 10:1-12；路加福音 16:16-18/马太福音 5:31-32；马太福音 19:1-9）、安息日（路加福音 14:5/马太福音 12:11-12；马可福音 2:23-3:6；路加福音 13:10-17；14:1-6）和膳食的问题。食物的话题引起了广泛的争论，因为有关于禁止和允许食物的规则（使徒行传 15:20.23-29；哥林多前书 8-10；罗马书 14）、允许的食物摄入方式（路加福音 11:39/马太福音 23:25-26；马可福音 7:1-23）和餐桌团契（马可福音 2:14-17；路加福音 7:33-35/马太福音）。 11:18-19；使徒行传 10-11)。这些哈拉克话语表明，法律问题首先是实践伦理问题。早期基督教中关于法律的争论与早期犹太教关于法律的讨论相对应，因为它们都集中在安息日、食物和纯洁要求、婚姻问题以及与外邦人的交往上。这些研究的目的是在有关犹太教日常生活的哈拉卡特定问题的证据陈述的背景下，对符类传统中出现的哈拉卡话语进行检验，以便在更广泛的背景下讨论早期基督教的法律实践。由于有关婚姻和安息日的问题以前已被广泛研究过，因此这项工作的重点将放在食物的复杂性上。