Precursory deformation at Southeast Asian volcanoes

东南亚火山的前兆变形

• 批准号: 1345129
• 负责人: Falk Amelung
• 金额: $ 32.3万
• 依托单位: University of Miami
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 2014
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2014-03-01 至 2019-02-28
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1345129&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Precursory; deformation; Southeast; Asian; volcanoes

The goal of the project is to use space-geodetic methods to search for precursory inflation at volcanoes in Southeast Asia. Indonesia and the Philippines are home for about 15% of the world?s active volcanoes, which are responsible for some of the largest known historic eruptions, including the climate-changing 1815 Tabora, the 1883 Krakatoa and the 1991 Pinatubo eruptions. Volcanic eruptions are inevitably preceded by the ascent of new magma to shallow storage levels, resulting in swelling of the ground surface, which is observable with satellites. The detection of inflation could pin-point to volcanoes, which are more likely to erupt in the near future. We will use Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (InSAR) observations from a variety of international SAR satellites. The data sources include the Japanese ALOS-1 satellite which operated from 2007 to 2011, and the European Sentinel-1 and Japanese ALOS-2 satellites which are both scheduled for launch in early 2014. Our objective is to develop a 10-year inventory of deforming volcanoes for the region. Scientific questions this project will address include weather all or only particular types of volcanoes exhibit precursory inflation, whether inflation occurs immediately prior to an eruption and for how long, and how much inflation a volcano can sustain without eruption, and what are the controls for the ascent of magma towards the surface and for the depth of magma storage. We also will combine the satellite observations with ground-based observations of the Indonesian Volcanological Survey and the Philippines Institute of Volcanology and Seismology in an effort to improve models for the magma plumbing systems of actively deforming volcanoes. This project will contribute to the development of the Southeast Asia Geohazard Natural Laboratory as part of the Global Earth Observation System of Systems (GEOSS).

该项目的目标是使用空间大地测量方法来寻找东南亚火山的非观测性膨胀。 印度尼西亚和菲律宾占世界人口的15%。世界上最大的活火山是由火山喷发引起的，包括1815年的塔波拉火山、1883年的喀拉喀托火山和1991年的皮纳图博火山。火山爆发之前，新的岩浆不可避免地上升到较浅的储存水平，导致地面膨胀，这是可以用卫星观察到的。通货膨胀的检测可以精确地指向火山，火山在不久的将来更有可能爆发。我们将使用各种国际合成孔径雷达卫星的干涉合成孔径雷达（干涉合成孔径雷达）观测。数据来源包括2007年至2011年运行的日本ALOS-1号卫星，以及计划于2014年初发射的欧洲哨兵-1号和日本ALOS-2号卫星。我们的目标是为该地区编制一份变形火山的10年清单。该项目将解决的科学问题包括：所有或只有特定类型的火山是否表现出膨胀，膨胀是否发生在喷发之前以及持续多久，火山可以在不喷发的情况下承受多大的膨胀，以及岩浆向地表上升和岩浆储存深度的控制措施。我们还将联合收割机的卫星观测与印度尼西亚火山调查局和菲律宾火山学和地震学研究所的地面观测相结合，努力改进活动变形火山的岩浆管道系统模型。该项目将促进东南亚地质灾害自然实验室的发展，作为全球对地观测分布式系统（全球测地系统）的一部分。