SBIR Phase I: Dynamic Infared Filter of Vanadium Oxide Window Films for Improved Energy Efficiency

这个小型企业创新研究(SBIR)第一阶段项目专注于将二元和三元钒氧化物中刺激响应型金属-绝缘体转变的商业化。掺入替代和/或间隙掺杂离子后的转变具有显著的可调性，填补了它们作为动态红外滤光片应用于窗户(窗、门和天窗)和汽车玻璃的动态红外滤光片的关键技术空白。结构中的大部分太阳热量来自红外能量(热量)通过劣质隔热玻璃单元的传输。刺激响应型窗口层压板具有几个独特的特征来改进中空玻璃单元，包括：热可切换的阻热到导热金属绝缘体的相变(或反之亦然)而不会显著改变可见光透过率，调整转变温度以满足不同气候地区的需要，以及将纳米材料并入用于高端卷对卷可改装窗口层压板的柔性聚合物基质中。这一独特的功能组合使我们的刺激响应型窗层压板能够在较温暖的月份降低空调成本，同时允许太阳？S天然太阳能在较凉爽的月份温暖室内空间，而不会对可见光透明度产生不利影响。该项目更广泛的影响/商业潜力是使用可切换窗层压板来满足节能和过时建筑的关键需求，目前存在的85%以上的建筑将在20年后存在。这代表着美国34亿美元的服务市场相对未得到充分利用。最近对能源效率的大部分关注涉及到新建筑和深度翻新；然而，过时建筑的能源效率极低，需要一种简便的低成本可改装解决方案来减少美国的能源消耗和二氧化碳排放。我们的刺激响应式层板满足了这一需求，并将有助于提高美国在绿色建筑材料和能源效率方面的竞争力。长期的社会影响将是更节能的建筑，减少碳足迹，特别是在现有建筑中。

This Small Business Innovation Research (SBIR) Phase 1 project focuses on commercialization of stimuli responsive metal-insulator transitions in binary and ternary vanadium oxides. The remarkable tunability of the transition upon incorporation of substitutional and/or interstitial dopant ions has filled a key technological gap for their deployment as a dynamic infrared filter in thermally switchable laminates for fenestration (windows, doors, and skylights) and automobile glass. Much of the solar heat gain in structures occurs from the transmission of infrared energy (heat) through poorly insulating glass units. The stimuli responsive window laminates have several unique features to improve insulating glass units including: thermally switchable heat-blocking to heat-transmitting metal-insulator phase changes (or vice versa) without a substantial change in visible transmittance, adjustment of the transition temperature to meet the needs of different climatic regions, and incorporation of the nanomaterials into a flexible polymer matrix for high-end roll-to-roll retrofittable window laminates. The combination of this unique feature set enables our stimuli responsive window laminates to mitigate air-conditioning costs during warmer months while allowing the sun?s natural solar energy to warm interior spaces during cooler months without adversely affecting visible transparency. The broader impact/commercial potential of this project is in using switchable window laminates to address critical needs in energy inefficient and outdated buildings, where more than 85% of buildings that exist today will exist in 20 years. This represents a relatively underutilized served market of size of $3.4 billion in the U.S. Much of the recent focus on energy efficiency relates to new buildings and deep renovations; yet the overwhelmingly poor energy efficiency of outdated buildings necessitates a facile low-cost retrofittable solution to reduce energy consumption and carbon dioxide emissions in the U.S. Our stimuli responsive laminates address this need and will contribute to U.S. competitiveness in green building materials and energy efficiency. The long term society impact will be more energy efficient buildings with a reduced carbon footprint, particularly in existing buildings.