STTR Phase I: Adapting food and energy crops to new climatic conditions: Integrating climate and plant modeling with genetic mapping and plant breeding

STTR 第一阶段：使粮食和能源作物适应新的气候条件：将气候和植物建模与遗传图谱和植物育种相结合

• 批准号: 1346434
• 负责人: Terry Nipp
• 金额: $ 22.49万
• 依托单位: Agricultural and Environmental Geographic Information Systems
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2014
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2014-01-01 至 2015-06-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1346434&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: STTR; Phase; Adapting; food; energy

This Small Business Technology Transfer (STTR) Phase I project proposes to develop new tools that will make it possible to better predict crop yields under changing climatic and environmental conditions, associate phenotypic expression of desired plant traits with genetic markers, and enable plant breeders to accelerate the development of new crops and varieties under changing climatic conditions. Plant growth and crop models may be limited by a lack of detailed environmental data inputs and detailed knowledge of crop physiology. A new approach to greatly improve the estimates potential of new crops will be explored by using existing crops as data surrogates for potential new crops, and to estimate performance of known crops under changing environmental conditions. To identify which species and varieties can serve as the best surrogates, an integrated approach will be utilized involving sequencing the genomes/transcriptomes of various species-wide genotypes and bioinformatics analysis. Genotypes will be identified based on their phenotypic performance in geographically and environmentally diverse locations, building a reference genome guided and/or denovo transcriptomes from treated samples, identifying genetic markers (SSRs and SNPs) and resolving their placement in the angiosperm phylogeny. The broader impact/commercial potential of this project, if successful, will be improvement in the production of food and energy crops under changing climatic conditions, which will benefit consumers and commercially benefit farmers, seed companies, agricultural input and service companies and food processors and distributors. The development of new crops and varieties is essential to help meet the food, fiber and energy needs of the nation and the world. Global climate change and increasing weather variability means that even existing crops will need to be modified to perform well under new environmental conditions. Using traditional plant breeding can take years to develop new crops that are optimized to perform well in specific locations. While the new tools of genomics and genetic mapping hold the promise of greatly reducing the time that it takes to develop new crop, these tools have not yet been fully integrated into assessing how plants respond to specific environmental conditions and determining how to isolate and develop the genetic determinants of desired phenotypic expressions. In this proposed project, plant production models will be integrated with genetic mapping to produce tools that make it possible to project crop yield potentials in the context of local environments as distributed across the landscape.

这个小型企业技术转移(STTR)第一阶段项目建议开发新的工具，使其能够在不断变化的气候和环境条件下更好地预测作物产量，将所需植物性状的表型表达与遗传标记相关联，并使植物育种者能够在不断变化的气候条件下加速开发新的作物和品种。植物生长和作物模型可能因缺乏详细的环境数据输入和作物生理的详细知识而受到限制。通过利用现有作物作为潜在新作物的数据替代品，并估计已知作物在不断变化的环境条件下的表现，将探索一种新的方法，以极大地提高新作物的估计潜力。为了确定哪些物种和品种可以作为最佳替代品，将采用一种综合方法，包括对各种物种范围的基因类型的基因组/转录进行测序和生物信息学分析。将根据它们在地理和环境不同地点的表型表现来识别基因类型，从处理过的样品中构建参考基因组引导和/或重新编码转录本，识别遗传标记(SSR和SNPs)，并解决它们在被子植物系统发育中的位置。如果成功，该项目的更广泛的影响/商业潜力将是在不断变化的气候条件下改善粮食和能源作物的生产，这将使消费者受益，并使农民、种子公司、农业投入和服务公司以及食品加工商和分销商受益。新作物和新品种的开发对于帮助满足国家和世界的粮食、纤维和能源需求至关重要。全球气候变化和日益增加的天气变异性意味着，即使是现有的作物也需要进行修改，以在新的环境条件下表现良好。使用传统的植物育种可能需要数年时间才能开发出新的作物，这些作物经过优化，在特定地区表现良好。虽然基因组学和基因图谱的新工具有望极大地减少开发新作物所需的时间，但这些工具尚未完全整合到评估植物如何对特定环境条件做出反应，并确定如何分离和开发所需表型表达的遗传决定因素。在这个拟议的项目中，植物生产模型将与遗传图谱相结合，以产生工具，使其能够在分布在整个地貌的当地环境的背景下预测作物的产量潜力。