Doctoral Dissertation Improvement Grant: Long-term Chronology of Subsistence and the Role of Intensive Rice Agriculture in the Central Part of the Prehistoric Korean Peninsula

博士论文改进资助：史前朝鲜半岛中部的长期生存年代和集约化稻作农业的作用

• 批准号: 1349747
• 负责人: Benjamin Marwick
• 金额: $ 2.34万
• 依托单位: University of Washington
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2014
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2014-01-15 至 2015-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1349747&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Doctoral; Dissertation; Improvement; Grant; Long

Subsistence self-sufficiency -- the ability of individuals in small traditional communities to feed themselves -- constitutes a major issue in many parts of the world today. In many regions where the potential for outside help is limited, malnutrition and starvation are recurring problems. This project utilizes an archaeological context, which can trace change over time and over climatic fluxuation, to examine the processes at work in one specific situation. Under the guidance of Dr. Benjamin Marwick, Seungki Kwak will analyze pottery collections from three major inland habitation sites in the central part of the Korean Peninsula: Sosa-Dong, Songguk-Ri, and Eupha-Ri. Low hills with gentle slopes embracing meandering rivers in this region were continuously occupied for as much as 4,000 years, and large inland habitation sites developed in this condition provide multiple lines of subsistence data that are required for this study. Mr. Kwak's research will investigate the subsistence strategy in the central part of the prehistoric Korean peninsula using organic geochemical analysis and luminescence dating on potsherds.The transition from foragers to farmers and the role of intensive rice agriculture have been among the most controversial subjects in Korean archaeology. However, the relatively high acidity of sediment in the Korean peninsula has made it impossible to examine faunal/floral remains directly for tracing the subsistence change. For this reason, many of the studies on the transition heavily relied on the shell middens in the coastal areas, which reflect only a small portion of the overall subsistence. The subsistence behaviors recorded in numerous large-scale inland habitation sites have been blurred by the strict dichotomy between hunter-gatherer and intensive rice farmer. The central hypothesis of this research is that there was a wide range of resource utilization along with rice farming around 3,400-2,000 BP. This hypothesis contrasts with prevailing rice-based models, where climatically driven intensive rice agriculture from 3,400 BP is thought to be the dominant subsistence strategy. The research will provide a unique opportunity to understand the subsistence in major inland sites through the direct examination of potteries: the most wide-spread material culture in the prehistoric Korea. Organic geochemical analyses will give information for identifying what was stored and cooked in the pots, and luminescence dating will be able to provide reliable dates that will directly indicate when the potteries were made. The combination of these methods will allow us to obtain a critical clue to understanding the complexity and variety of the subsistence over time and the role of the intensive rice farming.This research will seek to have a broader impact beyond the research topics presented. It will assist with building educational infrastructure about the ancient subsistence at the institutional level for both the general public and young generations (K -12). Public lectures related to the project will be provided on the archaeology day at the Burke Museum, University of Washington. Its data and results will be shared with the public through online archives. Through collaboration with the institutions in Korea, data will be shared with Korean scholars. The results will be published in Korean for the general public, and readers of young generations will be targeted. All of these efforts will promote international dissemination of the data and results. Lastly, this project will reinforce collaboration between archaeology and chemistry and help train the young scientists from those two different backgrounds who will be able to create a robust, innovative research program in archaeological organic geochemistry.

自给自足-小型传统社区中的个人养活自己的能力-是当今世界许多地区的一个主要问题。在许多获得外界帮助的可能性有限的地区，营养不良和饥饿是经常出现的问题。该项目利用考古学背景，可以追踪随着时间的推移和气候波动的变化，以检查在一个特定的情况下工作的过程。在Benjamin Marwick博士的指导下，Seungki Kwak将分析来自朝鲜半岛中部三个主要内陆居住地的陶器收藏品：Sosa-Dong，Songguk-Ri和Eupha-Ri。该地区环绕蜿蜒河流的缓坡低山被持续占据了长达4，000年之久，在这种条件下开发的大型内陆居住地提供了本研究所需的多条生存数据。Kwak先生的研究将利用有机地球化学分析和陶器碎片的发光测年来调查史前朝鲜半岛中部的生存策略。从觅食者到农民的转变以及密集的水稻农业的作用一直是韩国考古学中最具争议的主题之一。然而，朝鲜半岛沉积物的酸度相对较高，因此无法直接检查动物/植物遗骸以追踪生存变化。由于这个原因，许多关于过渡的研究严重依赖于沿海地区的贝冢，这只反映了整体生存的一小部分。在许多大型内陆居住地记录的生存行为已经模糊了狩猎采集者和集约稻农之间的严格二分法。本研究的中心假设是，在3，400 - 2，000 BP左右，沿着水稻种植，存在广泛的资源利用。这一假设与流行的以水稻为基础的模型形成了鲜明对比，在这些模型中，气候驱动的集约化水稻农业被认为是3,400 BP的主要生存战略。这项研究将提供一个独特的机会，通过直接检查陶器来了解主要内陆遗址的生存状况：史前朝鲜最广泛的物质文化。有机地球化学分析将提供信息，以确定什么是存储和烹饪的锅，和发光测年将能够提供可靠的日期，将直接表明何时陶器。这些方法的结合将使我们能够获得一个关键的线索，了解随着时间的推移，生活的复杂性和多样性，以及集约化水稻种植的作用。本研究将寻求产生更广泛的影响，超越所提出的研究课题。它将协助在机构层面为公众和年轻一代（K-12）建立有关古代生存的教育基础设施。与该项目有关的公开讲座将在考古日在华盛顿大学伯克博物馆提供。其数据和结果将通过在线档案与公众共享。通过与韩国机构的合作，将与韩国学者分享数据。调查结果将以朝鲜语出版，面向广大公众，并以年轻一代读者为对象。所有这些努力都将促进数据和结果的国际传播。最后，该项目将加强考古学和化学之间的合作，并帮助培养来自这两个不同背景的年轻科学家，他们将能够在考古有机地球化学领域创建一个强大的创新研究计划。