Collaborative Research: RAPID: GeoGONAF - An observatory to study the active deformation and strain transfer along the Izmit Bay-Marmara Sea segment of the North Anatolian Fault

三个钻孔应变仪将安装在由国际支持的北安纳托利亚断层地球物理观测站提供的钻孔中。钻孔应变仪将提高科学仪器监测可能的Mw7地震震源区附近超慢过程的能力，预计不久将在马尔马拉海底发生该地震。 在过去的1000年里，一系列破坏性的地震在沿着土耳其的北安纳托利亚断层向伊斯坦布尔传播了两次，最后一次地震灾难性地摧毁了这座城市。 最近的一次发生在1509年，当时人口约为20万，死亡人数为1万。 现在人口为2 000万，建筑物更加脆弱，目前序列的最后一次地震被认为迫在眉睫。 现在有机会加强安装在伊斯坦布尔附近的一套深层地震仪的探测能力，使我们能够监测导致这一故障的构造过程。 伊斯坦布尔的安纳托利亚断层在许多方面与弗朗西斯科的圣安德烈亚斯断层相似，我们设想，我们从下一次伊斯坦布尔地震中学到的东西将成为加州未来破坏性地震的模板。 该项目需要RAPID资金来安装应变仪，使我们能够在大地震之前、期间和之后对断层的这一部分进行大地测量观测，这些观测与GONAF的地震数据相结合，将为了解地震过程提供宝贵的数据。此外，这项调查将逐步提高人们对伊斯坦布尔地震危险的认识，它？该奖项被指定为全球风险基金奖，由NSF国际科学与工程办公室共同资助。

Three borehole strainmeters will be installed into boreholes provided by internationally supported Geophysical Observatory at the North Anatolian Fault (GONAF). The borehole strainmeters will enhance the ability of the scientific instrumentation to monitor ultra-slow process near the probable source zone of the Mw7 earthquake that is soon expected beneath the Marmara sea. Twice in the past 1000 years a sequence of damaging earthquakes has propagated during the course of a few decades along the North Anatolian fault in Turkey towards Istanbul, the final earthquake in the sequence catastrophically destroying the city. This occurred most recently in 1509 when the population was about 200,000 and ten thousand people died. The population is now 20 million, the building stock more fragile and the last earthquake of the current sequence is considered imminent. An opportunity to enhance the detection capability of a suite of deep seismometers installed near Istanbul has arisen that would permit us to monitor the tectonic processes leading to this failure. The Anatolian fault setting of Istanbul in many ways resembles the San Andreas Fault setting of San Francisco, and we envisage that what we learn from the next Istanbul earthquake will act as a template for future damaging shocks in California. The RAPID funding for the project is necessary to install the strainmeters allowing us to make geodetic observations of this segment of the fault before, during and after a large earthquake, which combined with the seismic data from GONAF will provide valuable data for understanding earthquake processes. In addition this investigation will incrementally raise awareness of seismic hazard of Istanbul and it?s surrounding environment with direct societal benefits.This award is designated as a Global Venture Fund Award and is being co-funded by NSF's Office of International Science and Engineering.