Collaborative Research: RAPID: GeoGONAF - An observatory to study the active deformation and strain transfer along the Izmit Bay-Marmara Sea segment of the North Anatolian Fault

将在位于北安纳托利亚断层的国际支持的地球物理观测站提供的钻孔中安装三个钻孔应变计。钻孔应变计将增强科学仪器监测马尔马拉海下可能发生的Mw7地震震源区附近超慢过程的能力。在过去1000年中，在几十年的时间里，一系列破坏性地震沿着土耳其的北安纳托利亚断层向伊斯坦布尔传播了两次，最后一次地震灾难性地摧毁了这座城市。最近一次发生在1509年，当时人口约20万，1万人死亡。现在有2000万人口，建筑更加脆弱，目前序列中的最后一次地震被认为迫在眉睫。现在出现了加强伊斯坦布尔附近安装的一套深部地震仪探测能力的机会，这将使我们能够监测导致这次故障的构造过程。伊斯坦布尔的安纳托利亚断层环境在许多方面类似于旧金山的圣安德烈亚斯断层环境，我们预计我们从下一次伊斯坦布尔地震中学到的东西将成为加州未来破坏性地震的模板。该项目的快速资金是安装应变仪所必需的，使我们能够在大地震之前、期间和之后对这段断层进行大地观测，这些观测结合GONAF的地震数据将为了解地震过程提供宝贵的数据。此外，这项调查还将逐步提高人们对伊斯坦布尔及其周围环境的地震危害的认识，具有直接的社会效益。该奖项被指定为全球风险基金奖，由美国国家科学基金会国际科学与工程办公室共同资助。

Three borehole strainmeters will be installed into boreholes provided by internationally supported Geophysical Observatory at the North Anatolian Fault (GONAF). The borehole strainmeters will enhance the ability of the scientific instrumentation to monitor ultra-slow process near the probable source zone of the Mw7 earthquake that is soon expected beneath the Marmara sea. Twice in the past 1000 years a sequence of damaging earthquakes has propagated during the course of a few decades along the North Anatolian fault in Turkey towards Istanbul, the final earthquake in the sequence catastrophically destroying the city. This occurred most recently in 1509 when the population was about 200,000 and ten thousand people died. The population is now 20 million, the building stock more fragile and the last earthquake of the current sequence is considered imminent. An opportunity to enhance the detection capability of a suite of deep seismometers installed near Istanbul has arisen that would permit us to monitor the tectonic processes leading to this failure. The Anatolian fault setting of Istanbul in many ways resembles the San Andreas Fault setting of San Francisco, and we envisage that what we learn from the next Istanbul earthquake will act as a template for future damaging shocks in California. The RAPID funding for the project is necessary to install the strainmeters allowing us to make geodetic observations of this segment of the fault before, during and after a large earthquake, which combined with the seismic data from GONAF will provide valuable data for understanding earthquake processes. In addition this investigation will incrementally raise awareness of seismic hazard of Istanbul and it?s surrounding environment with direct societal benefits.This award is designated as a Global Venture Fund Award and is being co-funded by NSF's Office of International Science and Engineering.