Collaborative Research: RAPID: GeoGONAF - An observatory to study the active deformation and strain transfer along the Izmit Bay-Marmara Sea segment of the North Anatolian Fault

合作研究：RAPID：GeoGONAF - 研究北安纳托利亚断层伊兹米特湾-马尔马拉海段活动变形和应变传递的观测站

• 批准号: 1349851
• 负责人: Roger Bilham
• 金额: $ 5.17万
• 依托单位: University of Colorado at Boulder
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2013
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2013-09-01 至 2015-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1349851&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Collaborative; Research; RAPID; GeoGONAF; observatory

Three borehole strainmeters will be installed into boreholes provided by internationally supported Geophysical Observatory at the North Anatolian Fault (GONAF). The borehole strainmeters will enhance the ability of the scientific instrumentation to monitor ultra-slow process near the probable source zone of the Mw7 earthquake that is soon expected beneath the Marmara sea. Twice in the past 1000 years a sequence of damaging earthquakes has propagated during the course of a few decades along the North Anatolian fault in Turkey towards Istanbul, the final earthquake in the sequence catastrophically destroying the city. This occurred most recently in 1509 when the population was about 200,000 and ten thousand people died. The population is now 20 million, the building stock more fragile and the last earthquake of the current sequence is considered imminent. An opportunity to enhance the detection capability of a suite of deep seismometers installed near Istanbul has arisen that would permit us to monitor the tectonic processes leading to this failure. The Anatolian fault setting of Istanbul in many ways resembles the San Andreas Fault setting of San Francisco, and we envisage that what we learn from the next Istanbul earthquake will act as a template for future damaging shocks in California. The RAPID funding for the project is necessary to install the strainmeters allowing us to make geodetic observations of this segment of the fault before, during and after a large earthquake, which combined with the seismic data from GONAF will provide valuable data for understanding earthquake processes. In addition this investigation will incrementally raise awareness of seismic hazard of Istanbul and it?s surrounding environment with direct societal benefits.This award is designated as a Global Venture Fund Award and is being co-funded by NSF's Office of International Science and Engineering.

三个钻孔应变计将安装在国际支持的北安纳托利亚断层地球物理观测站（GONAF）提供的钻孔中。钻孔应变计将增强科学仪器监测Mw7地震可能震源区附近超慢过程的能力，预计很快就会在马尔马拉海下方发生。 在过去的 1000 年里，一系列破坏性地震在几十年的时间里两次沿着土耳其的北安纳托利亚断层传播到伊斯坦布尔，这一系列地震中的最后一次地震灾难性地摧毁了这座城市。 最近一次这种情况发生在 1509 年，当时人口约为 20 万，有一万人死亡。 目前人口已达 2000 万，建筑物更加脆弱，当前序列中的最后一次地震被认为即将发生。 现在有机会增强安装在伊斯坦布尔附近的一套深层地震仪的探测能力，这将使我们能够监测导致这次故障的构造过程。 伊斯坦布尔的安纳托利亚断层设置在许多方面类似于旧金山的圣安德烈亚斯断层设置，我们设想，我们从下一次伊斯坦布尔地震中学到的知识将成为加利福尼亚州未来破坏性冲击的模板。 该项目的快速资金对于安装应变仪是必要的，使我们能够在大地震之前、期间和之后对这一段断层进行大地测量，结合 GONAF 的地震数据将为了解地震过程提供有价值的数据。此外，这项调查将逐步提高人们对伊斯坦布尔及其周边环境的地震危害的认识，并带来直接的社会效益。该奖项被指定为全球风险基金奖，由美国国家科学基金会国际科学与工程办公室共同资助。