CAREER: Flexibility, constraints, and selection in repeated ear loss and regain in toads

职业：蟾蜍反复耳损和恢复的灵活性、限制和选择

• 批准号: 1350346
• 负责人: Kim Hoke
• 金额: $ 80.92万
• 依托单位: Colorado State University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 2014
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2014-07-01 至 2021-06-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1350346&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: CAREER; Flexibility; constraints; selection; repeated

Most frogs and toads vocalize to communicate, and females typically use hearing to locate mates. Despite how essential tympanic ears are for hearing sound in air, outer and middle ear structures have been lost and regained many times in frogs and toads. This project integrates anatomy, physiology, development, and phylogenetic analyses to investigate the independent gains and losses of ear structures. Relating ear morphology to hearing ability will reveal novel mechanisms of hearing and will characterize the costs and benefits of various anatomical features for hearing low and high pitch sounds. Because the development of ear structures is linked to the development of other skull features, this project will identify changes in the size and shape of skull bones that accompany changes in ear structures. Moreover, developmental analyses will determine specific genetic and cellular changes that cause the loss of outer and middle ear structures, a type of ear defect that is a common cause of human deafness.Integrative analyses of skull features will assess whether associated changes in skulls facilitate the diversity of ear structures, with data publicly available at Digimorph (http://www.digimorph.org/) and the CSU Digital Repository (http://lib.colostate.edu/repository/). The research in this proposal includes natural opportunities to better educate the general public and university students about hearing, biodiversity, and conservation. Within the US, this proposal will be integrated into undergraduate classes as part of a new laboratory approach to teach students to conduct and interpret statistical analyses. In addition, US undergraduates will participate in the research efforts and participate in developing a bilingual museum exhibition about frogs that will be displayed at one or more US science museums. The Ecuadorian toad breeding program and a related Ecuadorian museum exhibition will contribute to amphibian conservation at a key moment when road-building and resource extraction threaten to have major impacts on wildlife in Ecuador.

大多数青蛙和蟾蜍发声是为了交流，雌性蛙通常用听力来寻找配偶。尽管鼓耳对于在空气中听声音来说是多么重要，但青蛙和蟾蜍的外耳和中耳结构已经丢失并多次恢复。该项目整合了解剖学、生理学、发育和系统发育分析，以研究耳朵结构的独立得失。将耳朵形态与听力能力联系起来，将揭示新的听力机制，并将表征各种解剖特征在听力低音和高音方面的成本和收益。由于耳朵结构的发育与其他头骨特征的发育有关，该项目将确定伴随着耳朵结构的变化而发生的颅骨大小和形状的变化。此外，发育分析将确定导致外耳和中耳结构丧失的特定遗传和细胞变化，这是一种常见的人类耳聋原因。对头骨特征的综合分析将评估与头骨相关的变化是否有助于耳朵结构的多样性，数据公开可在DigiMorph(http://www.digimorph.org/)和CSU数字存储库(http://lib.colostate.edu/repository/).)获得这项提案中的研究包括更好地教育普通公众和大学生关于听力、生物多样性和保护的自然机会。在美国国内，这一提议将被整合到本科课程中，作为教授学生进行和解释统计分析的新实验室方法的一部分。此外，美国本科生将参与研究工作，并参与开发一个关于青蛙的双语博物馆展览，将在一个或多个美国科学博物馆展出。在道路建设和资源开采可能对厄瓜多尔野生动物产生重大影响的关键时刻，厄瓜多尔蟾蜍繁育计划和相关的厄瓜多尔博物馆展览将有助于两栖动物的保护。