CAREER: Toward an improved understanding of the impact of silicon on arsenic, iron, and carbon biogeochemical cycling in rice paddy soils

职业：更好地了解硅对稻田土壤中砷、铁和碳生物地球化学循环的影响

• 批准号: 1350580
• 负责人: Angelia Seyfferth
• 金额: $ 46.47万
• 依托单位: University of Delaware
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 2014
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2014-09-01 至 2019-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1350580&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: CAREER; Toward; improved; understanding; impact

Rice is a staple crop for nearly half of the people on Earth, yet its quality and quantity are affected by arsenic (As) with consequent impacts on global human health and food security. Silicon (Si) addition to rice paddy soil has been proposed as a potential mitigation strategy since the dominant form of As in rice paddies shares a root-uptake pathway with Si in rice; however, addition of Si may inadvertently impact other biogeochemical cycles such as iron (Fe) and carbon (C) in soil, depending on the source of Si used. Thus, before Si addition can be proposed as a feasible strategy to mitigate arsenic uptake by rice globally, fundamental scientific questions must be addressed. Accordingly, the goal of this project is to understand how different sources of Si added to soil will affect a) As uptake and accumulation in rice, b) Fe plaque formation and mineralogy (which influences As mobility), and c) carbon dioxide and methane production and efflux. The outcomes of this work will increase the basic scientific understanding of altered Si on As, Fe, and C cycling in rice paddies, and may identify an affordable and practical solution to the arsenic-in-rice problem with consequent benefits for the global society. Furthermore, the outcomes of this work have a strong educational component and will be widely disseminated to rice-growers through partnerships with non-profit organizations, and to the scientific community through peer-reviewed publications and conference presentations. This research will have both laboratory and field components and the investigations will span the nanometer to meter-field scale. A major component is the establishment of a new outdoor research-education laboratory, the Rice Investigation, Communication, and Education (RICE) Facility. The RICE Facility will be constructed -with ongoing aid of students in the Landscape Design program- at the University of Delaware (UD), and will enable field experiments in rice paddy mesocosms during summers and allow the integration of research with educational outreach objectives. The overarching educational goal is to increase the representation of underrepresented groups in (geo)science by providing scholastic opportunities for female and economically-disadvantaged students. Specifically, a) an annual 1-day summer-camp entitled Soil is Life will be developed at the RICE Facility for students from the all-female middle-school Serviam Academy, b) a high-school student from Newark High School will be paid to work on this project at the RICE Facility annually during summer months, c) a new undergraduate course will be developed that integrates soils and sustainability, and d) this project will directly train graduate students on this interfacial field of study. The proposed research and education will propel the career as a young scientist, support her continual development into a successful teacher-scholar at University of Delaware, and support her ongoing commitment and efforts to increase the integration and representation of underrepresented groups in (geo)science.

水稻是地球上近一半人口的主要作物，但其质量和数量受到砷（As）的影响，从而影响全球人类健康和粮食安全。水稻田土壤中As的主要形态与水稻中Si的吸收途径相同，因此水稻田土壤中添加Si被认为是一种潜在的缓解策略;然而，添加Si可能会不经意地影响土壤中的其他生物地球化学循环，如铁（Fe）和碳（C），这取决于所使用的Si的来源。 因此，在硅添加可以作为一个可行的战略，以减轻全球水稻的砷吸收，必须解决基本的科学问题。 因此，本项目的目标是了解不同来源的硅添加到土壤中将如何影响a）水稻的吸收和积累，B）Fe斑块的形成和矿物学（影响As的流动性），以及c）二氧化碳和甲烷的产生和排放。这项工作的成果将增加对水稻中As，Fe和C循环的Si改变的基本科学认识，并可能为水稻中的砷问题确定一个负担得起的和实用的解决方案，从而为全球社会带来利益。此外，这项工作的成果具有很强的教育成分，将通过与非营利组织的伙伴关系向水稻种植者广泛传播，并通过同行审查的出版物和会议介绍向科学界广泛传播。这项研究将有实验室和现场的组成部分，调查将跨越纳米到米场规模。 一个主要组成部分是建立一个新的户外研究教育实验室，水稻调查，通信和教育（RICE）设施。RICE设施将在景观设计项目学生的持续帮助下在特拉华州大学（UD）建造，并将在夏季进行稻田围隔生态系统的田间实验，并将研究与教育推广目标相结合。总体教育目标是通过为女性和经济困难的学生提供学习机会，增加（地球）科学中代表性不足的群体的代表性。 具体而言，a）每年将在RICE设施为来自全女子中学Serviam学院的学生开发一个为期一天的夏令营，题为“土壤是生命”，B）每年夏季，纽瓦克高中的一名高中生将在RICE设施为这个项目工作，c）将开发一个新的本科课程，将土壤和可持续性结合起来，以及d）该项目将直接培训研究生在这一界面研究领域。 拟议的研究和教育将推动职业生涯作为一个年轻的科学家，支持她的持续发展成为一个成功的教师学者在特拉华州的大学，并支持她不断的承诺和努力，以增加在（地理）科学代表性不足的群体的整合和代表性。