CAREER: Research on Weather and Climate Impacts of Land Use and Land Cover (LULC) Change--Supporting Technology-Driven Science Inquiry as Pedagogy

土地利用和土地覆盖（LULC）变化对天气和气候的影响预计会因岛屿的几何形状（大小、长宽比和海岸线形状）和地形而异。将通过理想化数值模拟实验（NME）建立对这些变化的概念性理解。所开发的概念将用于分析更现实的NME，调查观测到的海洋大陆LULC变化（2000-2010）对热带气候产生重要影响的天气和气候影响。该项目的教育方面是将Polaris（一个为大数据操作而设计的发现引擎）与首席研究员（PI）研究（过去、正在进行和未来）产生的NME输出整合在一起，从演绎法过渡到归纳方法，用于大气动力学研究生水平课程的教学。知识价值：LULC变化可以对天气和气候产生重大影响，但根据地理环境，特别是地形和大陆，其变化方式复杂。从以前的研究中，包括PI的研究中，逐渐出现了一个理解地理变异性的概念框架。这些研究活动将导致对这一框架的重要补充，即岛屿环境下土地利用和土地利用变化的影响，并提高对森林砍伐对海洋大陆影响的了解。注意，海洋大陆对热带气候的影响与其陆地面积不成比例，贡献了全球热带地区40%的潜热（约为大陆对流的两倍）。很大一部分发生在小岛屿附近，因为海风引发对流，并可能受到LULC变化的影响。因此，提出的研究是相关的和重要的，特别是在IPCC确定陆地-大气相互作用引起的辐射强迫没有很好量化的背景下，这是关键的不确定性之一。虽然大数据分析工具在大气科学领域变得越来越普遍，但在课堂环境中缺乏这种能力的结合。分析大型数据集，建立与某一现象相关的大气变量之间的关系，并推断分析所需要的理论框架的性质，是《大气动力学》教学的一种有效方法。在这样的归纳环境中学习模仿了该领域的自然发展。然而，为此目的所需的教学方法也缺乏。PI通过整合他的研究和教育活动来解决这些关键的差距。更广泛的影响：LULC变化的影响可能会加剧或减轻海洋大陆大尺度气候趋势的影响。在一些岛屿环境中，森林砍伐可能导致农业地区的降雨量减少，因此人们对扩大作物土地所获得的生产力提高的关切可能被森林砍伐造成的降雨量减少所抵消。因此，这项研究的结果有可能为减缓气候变化和可持续环境管理的政策制定提供信息并导致更好的政策制定。大气动力学对大气科学的学生来说往往是一门非常困难的课程。通过该奖项开发的教学方法有可能将学生从模仿转变为掌握，提高研究创造力和研究生课程的保留率。拟议中的教育门户网站将记录并与更广泛的社区分享支持归纳教学法的大数据，从而允许其他教育工作者和学生继续发展。

The impacts of Land Use and Land Cover (LULC) change on weather and climate are expected to vary depending upon the island geometry (size, aspect ratio and shoreline shape) and terrain. A conceptual understanding of such variations will be established though idealized numerical modeling experiments (NME). The concept developed will be used to analyze more realistic NME, investigating the weather and climate impacts of observed LULC changes (2000-2010) in the maritime continent, which exerts an important influence on tropical climate. Educational aspects of this project is the integration of Polaris, a discovery engine designed for operating on big data, with NME outputs generated from the Principal Investigator's (PI) research (past, ongoing and future) to transition from a deductive to inductive methodology for teaching of graduate level courses in Atmospheric Dynamics.Intellectual Merit :LULC change can have a substantial impact on weather and climate, but varies in complex fashion depending upon geographical setting, especially terrain and continentality. A conceptual framework for understanding the geographic variability is gradually emerging from prior studies, including those of the PI. The research activities will lead to an important addition to this framework, namely the impact LULC change in the context of island settings, and improved understanding of the effect of deforestation in the maritime continent. Note that the influence of the maritime continent on tropical climate is disproportionate to its land area, contributing to 40% of latent heating in the global tropics (~twice compared to continental convection). A large portion occurs in the vicinity of small islands as sea breeze initiated convection and is potentially impacted by LULC changes. Thus the proposed research is relevant and important, especially in the context of the IPCC determination that radiative forcing caused by land-atmosphere interactions is not well quantified, and is one of the key uncertainties. Whereas tools for big data analysis are becoming more common in field of Atmospheric Science, incorporation of this capability in classroom settings is lacking. Analysis of large datasets to establish relationship between atmospheric variables relevant to a phenomenon, and inferring the nature of theoretical framework needed to analyze it is an effective method for teaching of Atmospheric Dynamics. Learning in such an inductive setting mimics the natural development of the field. However, the pedagogy required for this purpose is also lacking. The PI addresses these critical gaps through integration of his research and educational activities.Broader Impacts :The LULC change impacts could be exacerbating or mitigating the effects large scale climate trends in the maritime continent. For some island settings, deforestation could lead to decrease in rainfall over agricultural regions and thus the concern that increase in productivity gained from expanding the crop lands may be negated by reduced rainfall caused by deforestation. Thus the results from this study have the potential to inform and lead to better policy formulation regarding climate change mitigation and sustainable environmental management. Atmospheric dynamics is often a very difficult course for students in atmospheric science. The teaching method developed via this award has the potential to transition students from mimicry to mastery, improving research creativity and retention in graduate programs. The proposed educational portal will document and share the big data supported inductive pedagogy with a wider community, allowing continued evolution from other educators and students.