Molecular mechanisms underlying temperature modulation of plant immunity

植物免疫反应在很大程度上受到包括温度在内的环境信号的调节，这种调节是平衡环境反应和植物生长的一种适应机制。关于温度是如何被感知的，以及它是如何调节植物免疫反应的，人们的知识有限。该项目将确定温度对免疫反应的影响目标，并揭示植物调节对温度的免疫的主要策略。该项目将增强气候变化对植物生长和防御的预测能力，并将为培育对不断变化的环境具有平衡生长和防御的作物提供指导。该项目将通过包括NSF植物基因组REU站点在内的各种计划，为包括康奈尔大学内外的少数族裔在内的本科生将教育与研究相结合。该项目的四个目标之一将主要由本科生进行。该项目还将为一名博士后研究员和一名研究生提供广泛的研究和教学培训，该培训由美国国家科学基金会研究、教学和学习一体化中心提供。程序。这个项目产生的发现将通过期刊出版物、会议报告和课堂教学传播，从而促进科学的进步。技术说明该项目的目标是进一步阐明免疫受体R介导的免疫反应的温度调节的分子机制。早期的研究表明，R蛋白可以作为温度感受器发挥作用，脱落酸的缺乏可以拮抗高温对R蛋白的影响。该项目将首先进一步揭示温度和脱落酸如何调节R蛋白的活性来影响免疫。这将通过使用拟南芥自身免疫植物通过遗传筛选剖析调控来实现。将分离和克隆免疫反应中温度敏感性发生变化的突变体，并研究基因的作用模式。该项目还将揭示自然人群免疫温度敏感性变异的遗传基础。这将通过调查野生拟南芥材料的抗病温度敏感性来实现。决定温度敏感性的主要基因座将被分离。通过确定温度和ABA对R蛋白的调节方式以及调节对温度信号的免疫的主要策略，该项目将揭示新的信号传感和信号整合机制，并为产生对不断变化的环境做出最佳反应的植物提供策略。

Broader significancePlant immune responses are greatly modulated by environmental signals including temperature, and this modulation is an adaptive mechanism for a balanced environmental response and plant growth. There is limited knowledge on how temperature is perceived and how it regulates plant immune responses. This project will identify targets of temperature on immune responses and reveal major strategies plants use to tune immunity to temperature. This project will enhance the prediction power of climate change on plant growth and defense and will provide guidance in breeding crop plants that have a balanced growth and defense for the changing environment. The project will integrate education with research for undergraduate students including minorities at and outside Cornell through various programs including NSF Plant Genome REU Site. One of the four aims of the project will be conducted mostly by undergraduates. This project will also provide a broad training to a postdoctoral fellow and a graduate student in research and teaching assisted by the NSF ?Center for the integration of research, teaching, and learning? program. Discoveries generated from this project will be disseminated through journal publications, conference presentations and classroom teaching, thus contributing to the advancement of science.Technical DescriptionThe goal of this project is to further elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying temperature modulation of immune receptor R-mediated immune responses. Earlier studies revealed that R proteins could function as temperature sensors and deficiency of abscisic acid antagonizes the high temperature effects on R proteins. This project will first further reveal how temperature and abscisic acid regulate the activity of R proteins to affect immunity. This will be achieved by dissecting the regulation through genetic screens using Arabidopsis autoimmune plants. Mutants with altered temperature sensitivity in immune responses will be isolated and cloned, and the mode of gene action will be investigated. This project will also reveal the genetic basis of variation of temperature sensitivity of immunity in natural populations. This will be achieved by surveying wild Arabidopsis accessions for their temperature sensitivities in disease resistance. Major loci determining the temperature sensitivity will be isolated. With identification of mode of regulation of R proteins by temperature and ABA as well as major strategies in tuning immunity to temperature signals, this project will reveal new mechanisms of signal sensing and signal integration and provide strategies to generate plants with optimal responses to a changing environment.