A Study of How Philosophy Research and Practice Can Better Contribute to STEM Research and to Public Policy

这一研究项目的目的是阐述哲学研究和实践如何更好地促进科学、技术和经济研究以及公共政策。在20世纪，哲学成为一门严格的学术学科，但往往是以牺牲与非哲学受众的接触为代价的。寻求纠正这种情况的一个发展是应用哲学，它试图将哲学思维运用到现实世界的问题上。它经常聚焦于科学、技术和社会问题。一个例子是生物伦理学，它是作为一种新的哲学方法发展起来的，其特点是在面临政策问题时与非学科同行直接接触，包括医生、患者、律师、工程师和科学家。最近，在与政策相关的哲学方面出现了其他努力，包括女权主义、环境正义、实验哲学和公共哲学。这样的努力面临着一个共同的挑战：与非哲学家接触，同时保持对一般哲学家的足够兴趣。该项目将通过借鉴理论账户和案例研究以及机构尝试的历史，为应用哲学开发新的见解，以总结如何更好地将哲学见解与政策专业人员的需求相结合的经验教训。它将更好地理清我们对与政策相关的哲学实践的理解，从而为哲学家们在实践机会和理论问题方面开辟新的研究途径。这项研究还将帮助STEM学科和政策制定者更好地利用哲学见解。培养新一代与政策相关的哲学家有可能显著改善多个部门的政策和关于科学技术的讨论。

The goal of this research project is to develop an account of how philosophy research and practice can better contribute to STEM research and to public policy. During the 20th century, philosophy became a rigorous academic discipline, but often at the expense of engagement with non-philosophical audiences. One development that sought to remedy this situation was applied philosophy, which attempts to bring philosophical thinking to bear on real-world problems. It often focuses on issues of science, technology, and society. One example is bioethics, which developed as a new approach to philosophy characterized by direct engagement with non-disciplinary peers including physicians, patients, lawyers, engineers, and scientists as they confront policy problems. More recently, other efforts at policy-relevant philosophy have emerged, including feminism, environmental justice, experimental philosophy, and public philosophy. Such efforts face a common challenge: engaging with non-philosophers while maintaining sufficient interesting for philosophers in general.This project will develop new insights for applied philosophy by drawing from theoretical accounts and case studies, as well as the history of institutional attempts, to extract lessons for how to better integrate philosophic insights with the demands of policy professionals. It will better organize our understanding of policy-relevant philosophical practice in order to open new research avenues for philosophers both in terms of practical opportunities and theoretical questions. The research will also help both the STEM disciplines and policy makers make better use of philosophic insights. Cultivating a new generation of policy-relevant philosophers has the potential of significantly improving policy and discussion about science and technology across multiple sectors.