Doctoral Dissertation Research in Economics: The Impact of Working Conditions on the Health of an Aging Workforce

经济学博士论文研究：工作条件对老龄化劳动力健康的影响

• 批准号: 1356857
• 负责人: Teresa Ghilarducci
• 金额: $ 0.79万
• 依托单位: The New School
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2014
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2014-03-15 至 2016-02-29
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1356857&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Doctoral; Dissertation; Research; Economics; Impact

Doctoral Dissertation Research in Economics: The Impact of Working Conditions on the Health of an Aging WorkforceAbstractThe changing nature of work over the past forty years has important implications for the health and well being of an aging workforce. This dissertation will examine the relationship between work and health over the life cycle to better understand how various working conditions influence health disparities as workers age. Understanding how work-related pathways affect health as workers age has important implications for retirement age policies, labor force attachment at older ages, and the cost of Medicare, Medicaid, and other retiree health care programs.Isolating trends in health due to working conditions in the years leading up to retirement is challenging: pathways are hard to define and measure and most studies do not adequately deal with the selection bias that occurs between job choice and health, making it difficult to draw stronger conclusions regarding causality. Research has also shown that health depreciates faster with age for individuals in manual occupations, suggesting that working conditions could have long-term or cumulative impacts. Therefore, any estimation of the occupational health gradient at older ages must untangle the cumulative effect of a worker's occupational commitment over their lifetime from current job demands. To address the possibility of endogenous variation in working conditions due to omitted variables or selection and isolate the effect of contemporaneous working conditions on health after age fifty, this dissertation analyzes a unique and rich nationally representative panel dataset that links working conditions at older ages with health and earnings over the course of a worker?s career. To improve how we measure working conditions in economics, this dissertation uses an interdisciplinary approach. Much research in the epidemiology, sociology, and occupational safety and health literature has shown that physical, environmental, and psychosocial aspects of work all have the potential to impact health. In particular, the decline in manufacturing jobs and the switch to service jobs has increased the likelihood that psychosocial job stressors affect health. As a result, the ?work ability? model, or the leading model for research on aging and work in the occupational safety and health literature, is used as a guiding theoretical framework to incorporate physical, environmental, and psychosocial working conditions into the study. Longitudinal analysis on a comprehensive set of objective job demands will contribute to a better understanding of the existence and formation of occupational health gradients at older ages.

经济学博士论文研究：工作条件对老龄化劳动力健康的影响摘要在过去的四十年里，工作性质的变化对老龄化劳动力的健康和福祉有重要的影响。 本论文将研究整个生命周期中工作与健康之间的关系，以更好地了解不同的工作条件如何影响工人年龄的健康差异。了解与工作相关的途径如何随着工人年龄的增长而影响健康，对退休年龄政策、老年劳动力依恋以及Medicare、Medicaid和其他退休人员医疗保健计划的成本具有重要意义。路径很难界定和衡量，大多数研究没有充分处理工作选择与健康之间出现的选择偏差，因此很难就因果关系得出更有力的结论。 研究还表明，体力劳动者的健康随着年龄的增长而下降得更快，这表明工作条件可能产生长期或累积的影响。 因此，对老年人职业健康梯度的任何估计都必须将工人一生中职业承诺的累积效应与当前的工作需求分开。 为了解决的可能性，内生变化的工作条件，由于遗漏的变量或选择和隔离的影响，同期的工作条件对健康的年龄后50岁，本文分析了一个独特的和丰富的全国代表性的面板数据集，链接在老年人的工作条件与健康和收入的过程中的工人？的职业生涯。 为了改进我们如何衡量经济学中的工作条件，本文采用了跨学科的方法。 流行病学、社会学和职业安全与健康文献中的许多研究表明，工作的身体、环境和心理社会方面都有可能影响健康。 特别是，制造业工作的减少和转向服务性工作增加了心理社会工作压力因素影响健康的可能性。 因此，？工作能力？模型，或在职业安全和健康文献中研究老龄化和工作的主要模型，被用作指导理论框架，将物理，环境和心理社会工作条件纳入研究。 对一套全面的客观工作需求进行纵向分析，将有助于更好地了解老年人职业健康梯度的存在和形成。