Collaborative Research: Measurement and Analysis of Nocturnal Mesoscale Convective Systems and Their Stable Boundary Layer Environment During PECAN

合作研究：PECAN期间夜间中尺度对流系统及其稳定边界层环境的测量和分析

• 批准号: 1359727
• 负责人: Russ Schumacher
• 金额: $ 34.36万
• 依托单位: Colorado State University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 2014
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2014-05-15 至 2019-04-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1359727&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Collaborative; Research; Measurement; Analysis; Nocturnal

The Plains Elevated Convection At Night (PECAN) experiment will investigate the evolution of nocturnal mesoscale convective systems (MCSs) and convection and their interactions with the evolving nocturnal stable boundary layer (SBL) environment. This proposal addresses two primary goals of PECAN: 1) To characterize the transition from surface-based to elevated nocturnal MCS structure and the interaction of cold pools generated by MCSs with the nocturnal SBL, and 2) to determine how the organization and evolution of surface-based and elevated MCSs are influenced by the stable boundary layer and the vertical profile of wind and stability above the nocturnal low-level jet (NLLJ). To rectify the present paucity of detailed, integrated observations of nocturnal MCSs and their SBL environments, the project will observe nocturnal MCSs and convection with mobile ground-based radars, mobile sounding systems, and mobile mesonets in concert with other ground-based and airborne observing platforms during PECAN. Multi-radar syntheses, data assimilation, and modeling will provide the integrated analyses of these combined observations to evaluate the detailed internal structure of nocturnal MCSs and the impact of static stability, pre-existing boundaries, and wind shear on nocturnal MCS evolution processes.Intellectual Merit:This project emphasizes the tightly coordinated observation of nocturnal MCSs and their SBL environments with an array of multiple mobile Doppler and dual-polarimetric radars in conjunction with mobile soundings and surface in situ observing systems. These observations will be integrated to obtain 3-D airflow syntheses, precipitation fields, and thermal structure of MCSs and newly initiated convection and their environments. Mobile radars are essential as they can provide enhanced temporal and spatial resolution and low-level observations over any area within the PECAN domain. C-band radars, with their ability to both penetrate heavy precipitation and sense clear-air inflow, are required. The mobile C- and X-band dual-polarimetric radars will provide microphysical information beyond the typical operating ranges and below base-scan altitudes of the polarimetric WSR-88D radars. The mobile sounding and surface observations complement the radar wind measurements by providing unique buoyancy and shear profiles both within and outside of precipitation, thus resolving internal MCS dynamics and characterizing the SBL environment that interacts with the MCSs. These data, in combination with other PECAN data from fixed and mobile ground-based radar, profilers, mesonets, and aircraft, are essential for interpreting nocturnal MCS evolution with respect to in situ environmental conditions and for providing input and validation of cloud dynamical-microphysical model simulations of MCSs. The scientific objectives of this project are to: (i) document the internal structure and evolution of nocturnal MCSs and convection; (ii) establish the environmental ingredients and related physical mechanisms that control nocturnal MCS evolution; and (iii) test hypotheses concerning MCS dynamical microphysical forcing and MCS-environment interactions within detailed cloud-resolving models. The research conducted here will advance fundamental knowledge of the internal MCS dynamics and interactions with the SBL and will enable better representations of both within cloud-resolving models.Broader Impacts:Characterizing the morphology of nocturnal MCSs and the vertical profiles of temperature, humidity and winds ahead of and near the convective region in the cold pool are essential to helping improve the specificity and accuracy of diagnoses and short-term predictions of the geographical extent and duration of severe weather, heavy rainfall, flash flooding, and aircraft icing conditions. Additionally, these PECAN field observations will be essential for refining data assimilation systems and improving future operational numerical predictions of nocturnal MCSs and their SBL environments. The datasets collected here will also be used in university classes through graduate level. Several undergraduate and graduate students will be trained in the execution of a large atmospheric field campaign by being integrated into the data collection and post-field phase analysis. Lastly, the data collected here will be made available to other NSF and NOAA investigators identified as part of the PECAN project.

平原在夜晚（Pecan）实验中升高的对流将研究夜间中尺度对流系统（MCS）和对流的演变及其与不断发展的夜间稳定边界层（SBL）环境的相互作用。该提案解决了山核桃的两个主要目标：1）表征从基于表面的MCS结构到升高的过渡以及MCS与夜间SBL产生的冷池的相互作用，以及2），以确定基于表面的MCS的组织和进化如何受到稳定的边界层和稳定性的范围的影响，而不是稳定的频率和稳定性。为了纠正目前对夜间MCS及其SBL环境的详细，集成的观察结果，该项目将观察到夜间MCS和对流，以及与移动地面的雷达，移动声音系统和移动中音系统，以及与其他基于地面和空中观测平台的介绍。多射线合成，数据同化和建模将提供这些组合观察结果的集成分析，以评估夜间MCSS的详细内部结构以及静态稳定性的影响，静态稳定性，预先存在的界限，并在夜间MCS进化过程中进行风剪切的环境。带有多个移动多普勒和双偏置雷达，并与移动声音和现场观察系统结合使用。这些观察结果将集成以获得3-D气流合成，降水场以及MCS的热结构以及新启动的对流及其环境。移动雷达是必不可少的，因为它们可以在山核桃域内的任何区域内提供增强的时间和空间分辨率和低级观测值。需要C频段雷达，具有渗透大量降水和感觉清晰空气流入的能力。移动C和X波段双偏置雷达将提供超出典型的操作范围和偏光型WSR-88D雷达的基本扫描高度以外的微物理信息。移动声音和表面观测通过提供降水量内外的独特浮力和剪切曲线，从而补充了雷达风的测量结果，从而解决了内部MCS动力学并表征与MCS相互作用的SBL环境。这些数据以及来自固定和移动地面雷达的其他山核桃数据，探测仪，中膜和飞机对于解释夜间MCS进化至关重要，相对于原位环境条件，以及提供MCSS的云动态 - 微生物物理模型模拟的输入和验证。该项目的科学目标是：（i）记录夜间MCS和对流的内部结构和演变； （ii）建立控制夜间MCS进化的环境成分和相关的物理机制； （iii）关于MCS动态微物理强迫和MCS环境相互作用的测试假设。这里进行的研究将提高对内部MCS动力学的基本知识以及与SBL的互动，并在云解决模型中更好地表示两者。Boader的影响：表征夜间MCS的形态以及温度，湿度，湿度和风的垂直范围，以提高诊断和准确的临床范围，并在冷层中进行临床范围的垂直范围，并在冷层中进行了预测，并确定了诊断的特定性，并且是诊断的特定性，并且是诊断的精确性，并且是诊断的诊断范围的必不可少的。恶劣的天气，大雨，山洪泛滥和飞机结冰条件。此外，这些山核桃现场观测对于完善数据同化系统和改善夜间MCS及其SBL环境的未来运行数值预测至关重要。在此收集的数据集也将在大学课程中通过研究生级使用。通过将一些本科生和研究生纳入数据收集和现场阶段分析中，将对执行大气场竞选活动进行培训。最后，此处收集的数据将提供给其他NSF和NOAA调查人员，被确定为山核桃项目的一部分。

项目成果

Evolution of Pre- and Postconvective Environmental Profiles from Mesoscale Convective Systems during PECAN

PECAN期间中尺度对流系统对流前和对流后环境剖面的演变

• DOI: 10.1175/mwr-d-18-0231.1
• 发表时间: 2019
• 期刊: Monthly Weather Review
• 影响因子: 3.2
• 作者: Hitchcock, Stacey M.;Schumacher, Russ S.;Herman, Gregory R.;Coniglio, Michael C.;Parker, Matthew D.;Ziegler, Conrad L.
• 通讯作者: Ziegler, Conrad L.

Near-Surface Thermodynamic Sensitivities in Simulated Extreme-Rain-Producing Mesoscale Convective Systems

• DOI: 10.1175/mwr-d-16-0255.1
• 发表时间: 2017-05
• 期刊: Monthly Weather Review
• 影响因子: 3.2
• 作者: R. Schumacher;J. Peters

Analysis of Back-Building Convection in Simulations with a Strong Low-Level Stable Layer

强低层稳定层模拟中的后建对流分析

• DOI: 10.1175/mwr-d-19-0246.1
• 发表时间: 2020
• 期刊: Monthly Weather Review
• 影响因子: 3.2
• 作者: Hitchcock, Stacey M.;Schumacher, Russ S.
• 通讯作者: Schumacher, Russ S.

The Impact of Low-Level Moisture Errors on Model Forecasts of an MCS Observed during PECAN

低水平湿度误差对 PECAN 期间观测到的 MCS 模型预测的影响

• DOI: 10.1175/mwr-d-16-0296.1
• 发表时间: 2017
• 期刊: Monthly Weather Review
• 影响因子: 3.2
• 作者: Peters, John M.;Nielsen, Erik R.;Parker, Matthew D.;Hitchcock, Stacey M.;Schumacher, Russ S.
• 通讯作者: Schumacher, Russ S.