RAPID: Immediate Behavioral Response to Flash-Floods in Uttarakhand, North India

这项快速反应研究（Rapid）提案的目的是更好地了解人们对2013年6月16日至17日发生在印度北部丘陵地区北阿坎德邦的山洪暴发的即时反应。截至8月初，该事件已造成1000多人死亡，另有5700多人失踪或推定死亡。将通过实地观察和对来自六个受影响村庄的300多名山洪幸存者的半结构化访谈来收集数据。对幸存者的采访将检查他们对洪水和山体滑坡的传统知识及其采取的行动，他们对环境如何变化的理解，他们经历过的洪水次数，他们的警告来源，他们在撤离前采取的行动，他们在山洪暴发时的情绪状态，以及他们保护自己、家人和朋友的反应。该项目活动将提高人们对山洪反应的认识水平，并为山洪反应的跨文化比较提供基础。这将是非常重要的，因为关于洪水反应的研究很少，而关于发展中国家山洪反应的研究几乎没有。采用以前调查问卷的项目将为比较对北阿坎德邦山洪暴发的反应与对其他速发灾害（圣海伦斯山泥石流、克赖斯特彻奇和日立地震、美属萨摩亚地震和海啸）的反应提供基础。在数据收集阶段在印度建立的大学联系将对促进未来UNT和德里大学之间的教师和学生交流以及研究工作的合作具有价值。项目活动将促进美国的教学、培训和学习，项目成果将被PI纳入课程模块。将在本科和研究生班开设讲座和练习，如特殊人群、可持续性和应急管理、应急管理基础、灾害应对规划和灾害研究方法，反映发展中国家灾害管理的成果和挑战。这项研究还将为五名印度研究生提供实地研究和数据收集经验，并为一名UNT的博士生提供数据编码，分析和发表经验。

The objective of this Rapid Response Research (RAPID) proposal is to better understand people's immediate response to the June 16th - 17th, 2013 flash floods in the hilly state of Uttarakhand in North India. This event has claimed over 1,000 lives with over 5,700 still reported missing and presumed dead as of early August. Data will be collected through field observations and semi-structured interviews of over 300 flash flood survivors from six affected villages. The interviews with survivors will examine their traditional knowledge about floods and landslides and actions they take, their understanding of how the environment changes, number of floods they have experienced, their sources of warning, the actions they took prior to evacuating, their emotional state at the time of the flash floods, and their responses related to protecting themselves, their family and friends. The project activities will advance the state of knowledge about people's response to flash floods and provide a foundation for cross-cultural comparisons of flash flood response. This will be extremely significant because there are few studies of flood response and virtually none on flash flood response in developing countries. Adopting questionnaire items from previous surveys used will provide a basis for comparing responses to the Uttarakhand flash floods with responses to other rapid-onset hazards (the Mt. St. Helens mudflows, the Christchurch and Hitachi earthquakes, and the American Samoa earthquake and tsunami). University contacts made in India during the data collection stage will be of value in catalyzing future collaborations for faculty and student exchanges and research endeavors between UNT and Delhi University. The project activities will advance teaching, training, and learning in the US as the project findings will be incorporated into course modules by the PI. Lectures and exercises will be developed in undergraduate and graduate classes such as Special Populations, Sustainability and Emergency Management, Foundations of Emergency Management, Disaster Response Planning and Disaster Research Methods, reflecting the findings and challenges of disaster management in a developing country. This study will also provide field research and data collection experience to five Indian graduate students and data coding, analysis, and publication experience to a doctoral student at UNT.