Post-Earthquake Aerial Reconnaissance of Geotechnical Engineering Systems

东北（2011年）、基督城（2011年）和坎特伯雷（2010年）地震影响了两个以地震工程技术领先而闻名的国家；然而，这两个国家都经历了极端程度的破坏。这些事件令人心酸地提醒我们，要确保我们能够建设真正具有复原力的社区，还有许多教训有待吸取。震后侦察任务对于基于经验的学习过程至关重要，这一过程需要提高我们对自然灾害及其对岩土工程系统的影响的理解。虽然震后侦察提供了丰富的学习经验，但由于人工收集大型易损坏数据集的效率低下、与团队部署相关的高成本、可访问性限制和安全考虑，目前的做法存在缺陷。无人驾驶飞行器（uav）使用最新技术和可用的计算工具，将使工程师能够在侦察任务中收集关于岩土系统性能的更高质量、更客观、更广泛的易腐烂数据集。该项目为无人机技术用于岩土工程系统的极端事件侦察铺平了道路。与基于无人机的事后侦察相关的社会效益是显著的，包括在国外灾难袭击我们国家之前更有效地从灾难中学习，更有效的事后反应导致更有弹性的民用基础设施系统，以及受影响地区更快的经济恢复。基于高机动性和传感器丰富的无人机的使用，计划为事后侦察和决策制定一个变革性框架。无人机技术的采用代表了事件后侦察的范式转变，因为它使岩土工程师能够更有效地收集大量、更高质量和更客观的侦察数据。该平台还将具有处理大型收集数据集的能力，以便(a)在区域尺度上自动检测和绘制损害特征；(b)使用激光雷达增强图像生成更精确的表面变形和几何形状的3D地图。此外，无人机与现场部署的无线传感器通信和收集额外现场特征数据的能力将进行调查。为此，该项目旨在证明无人机和无线检波器网络可以执行表面波测量，利用无人机投放的重量来估计横波速度，并描述比目前侦察小组所能达到的更深的条件。无人机通信平台还将有效地向专家社区传播地理参考数据，专家社区可以分析数据并为地面侦察小组提供专家建议。

The Tohoku (2011), Christchurch (2011), and Canterbury (2010) Earthquakes affected two nations known for their pioneering advances in earthquake engineering; yet both nations experienced extreme levels of destruction. These events are poignant reminders that many lessons are yet to be learned to ensure we can engineer truly resilient communities. Post-earthquake reconnaissance missions are absolutely vital to the experience-based learning process required to advance our understanding of natural hazards and their impact on geotechnical systems. While post-earthquake reconnaissance has provided a wealth of learning experiences, current practices suffer from drawbacks due to inefficiencies in manual collection of large perishable datasets, high costs associated with deployment of teams, accessibility limitations, and safety considerations. Unmanned Autonomous Aerial Vehicles (UAAVs), using the latest technological and computational tools available, will enable engineers to collect higher quality, more objective, and more extensive perishable datasets on the performance of geotechnical systems during reconnaissance missions. This project paves the way for the use of UAAV technology for extreme-event reconnaissance of geotechnical systems. The societal benefits associated with UAAV-based post-event reconnaissance are significant and include more effective learning from disasters abroad before they hit our nation, more efficient post-event responses leading to more resilient civil infrastructure systems, and quicker economic recovery of affected regions. A transformative framework for post-event reconnaissance and decision making is planned based on the use of highly-mobile and sensor-rich UAAVs. Adoption of UAAV technology represents a paradigm shift in post-event reconnaissance because it allows geotechnical engineers to more efficiently collect large, higher quality, and more objective reconnaissance data. The platform will have the ability to also process large collected datasets to (a) automatically detect and map damage features at a regional scale; and (b) generate more accurate 3D maps of surface deformations and geometry using LIDAR-enhanced imagery. In addition, the UAAV's ability to communicate with field-deployed wireless sensors and collect additional site characterization data will be investigated. Towards this end, the project aims to prove that the UAAV and a network of wireless geophones can execute surface wave measurements to estimate shear wave velocity using weights dropped by the UAAV and characterize conditions to greater depths than currently feasible by reconnaissance teams. The UAAV communication platform will also efficiently disseminate geo-referenced data to a community of experts who can analyze the data and provide expert advice to ground-based reconnaissance teams.