Post-Earthquake Aerial Reconnaissance of Geotechnical Engineering Systems

东北（2011年）、基督城（2011年）和坎特伯雷（2010年）地震影响了两个以地震工程先驱而闻名的国家，但这两个国家都经历了极端的破坏。这些事件深刻地提醒我们，我们还需要吸取许多教训，以确保我们能够设计出真正有弹性的社区。地震后的勘察任务是绝对必要的经验为基础的学习过程，以提高我们对自然灾害及其对岩土系统的影响的理解。虽然地震后侦察提供了丰富的学习经验，但由于手动收集大型易损坏数据集的效率低下、与部署团队相关的高成本、可访问性限制和安全考虑，当前的实践存在缺陷。无人驾驶自动飞行器（UAAVs）使用最新的技术和计算工具，将使工程师能够在侦察任务期间收集更高质量，更客观，更广泛的岩土系统性能数据集。 该项目为UAAV技术用于岩土系统的极端事件勘测铺平了道路。与基于无人机的事后侦察相关的社会效益是显著的，包括在国外灾害袭击我们国家之前更有效地学习，更有效的事后响应导致更有弹性的民用基础设施系统，以及受影响地区更快的经济恢复。 基于使用高机动性和传感器丰富的无人机，计划为事后侦察和决策制定一个变革性框架。UAAV技术的采用代表了事后勘测的范式转变，因为它允许岩土工程师更有效地收集更大，更高质量和更客观的勘测数据。该平台还将有能力处理收集到的大型数据集，以（a）自动检测和绘制区域范围内的损坏特征;（B）使用激光雷达增强图像生成更准确的表面变形和几何形状三维地图。此外，UAAV与现场部署的无线传感器进行通信并收集其他场地特征数据的能力也将得到研究。 为此，该项目旨在证明UAAV和无线地震检波器网络可以执行表面波测量，以使用UAAV落下的重量估计剪切波速度，并表征比侦察队目前可行的更深的条件。无人机通信平台还将有效地向专家社区传播地理参考数据，这些专家可以分析数据并向地面侦察队提供专家建议。

The Tohoku (2011), Christchurch (2011), and Canterbury (2010) Earthquakes affected two nations known for their pioneering advances in earthquake engineering; yet both nations experienced extreme levels of destruction. These events are poignant reminders that many lessons are yet to be learned to ensure we can engineer truly resilient communities. Post-earthquake reconnaissance missions are absolutely vital to the experience-based learning process required to advance our understanding of natural hazards and their impact on geotechnical systems. While post-earthquake reconnaissance has provided a wealth of learning experiences, current practices suffer from drawbacks due to inefficiencies in manual collection of large perishable datasets, high costs associated with deployment of teams, accessibility limitations, and safety considerations. Unmanned Autonomous Aerial Vehicles (UAAVs), using the latest technological and computational tools available, will enable engineers to collect higher quality, more objective, and more extensive perishable datasets on the performance of geotechnical systems during reconnaissance missions. This project paves the way for the use of UAAV technology for extreme-event reconnaissance of geotechnical systems. The societal benefits associated with UAAV-based post-event reconnaissance are significant and include more effective learning from disasters abroad before they hit our nation, more efficient post-event responses leading to more resilient civil infrastructure systems, and quicker economic recovery of affected regions. A transformative framework for post-event reconnaissance and decision making is planned based on the use of highly-mobile and sensor-rich UAAVs. Adoption of UAAV technology represents a paradigm shift in post-event reconnaissance because it allows geotechnical engineers to more efficiently collect large, higher quality, and more objective reconnaissance data. The platform will have the ability to also process large collected datasets to (a) automatically detect and map damage features at a regional scale; and (b) generate more accurate 3D maps of surface deformations and geometry using LIDAR-enhanced imagery. In addition, the UAAV's ability to communicate with field-deployed wireless sensors and collect additional site characterization data will be investigated. Towards this end, the project aims to prove that the UAAV and a network of wireless geophones can execute surface wave measurements to estimate shear wave velocity using weights dropped by the UAAV and characterize conditions to greater depths than currently feasible by reconnaissance teams. The UAAV communication platform will also efficiently disseminate geo-referenced data to a community of experts who can analyze the data and provide expert advice to ground-based reconnaissance teams.