CHS: Medium: Collaborative Research: Intelligent Context-Aware Peer-to-Peer Transaction Brokering

CHS：媒介：协作研究：智能上下文感知点对点交易经纪

• 批准号: 1404698
• 负责人: Anind Dey
• 金额: $ 45.71万
• 依托单位: Carnegie-Mellon University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2014
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2014-08-01 至 2018-07-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1404698&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: CHS; Medium; Collaborative; Research; Intelligent

Peer-to-peer exchange is transforming economic activity, through unprecedented integration of social and practical action. This project will produce a full-scale implementation of a more efficient model of it that can be emulated across many social and economic domains. Peer-to-peer exchange is the direct exchange of goods and services by citizens, mediated by a brokering entity, typically embodied as an information system. It is an emerging paradigm that integrates economic and social interaction, creating many possibilities for innovation. It encompasses diverse services such as ride sharing, everyday tasks, textbook sharing, accommodation sharing , car sharing , sharing parking, local food exchange, sharing household items, exchanging home-cooked meals, sharing workspace and expertise, timebanking, and municipal development . Many of these applications make use of otherwise wasted resources such as parked cars, empty bedrooms, and idle time, increasing the efficiency and sustainability of economic activity. Their number and size have mushroomed; they are now referred to collectively as the "collaborative economy." Many peer-to-peer exchanges involve sharing goods and services "just in time," that is, sharing precisely when someone needs something and someone else is prepared to provide it. Thus, one key to the success of peer-to-peer exchanges is close coordination of providers/offerers and recipients/requesters. In a recent NSF project, members of the current research team investigated mobile timebanking using smartphone clients, a system in which members of a community can volunteer specific hours of labor they are well prepared to perform, in exchange for hours of labor from other community members, counting each hour equally. A key challenge was a lack of coordination in arranging "just in time" service exchanges. This new research will investigate computational approaches to coordinating collaborative interactions mediated by contextual intelligence. Also studied will be what sorts of user, task, and interaction information facilitate effective "just in time" service exchanges, and how users appropriate and experience these exchanges. A large field trial will investigate the adoption, usability, and utilization of context-aware peer-to-peer transaction brokering and will provide early reports of results and help a variety of organizations implement techniques that have been shown to work. The research will extend current understanding of motivations for engaging in helpful economic transactions, the formation of social connections through such transactions, and of how to enhance subjective wellbeing by fostering practical helping behaviors through context-aware technology. A prime objective is to identify strategies for contextually facilitated peer-to-peer exchange that can energize economic exchange activity, and support new kinds of exchange, while enhancing social consequences and concomitants of exchange interactions.

通过前所未有的社会和实际行动的整合，点对点交流正在改变经济活动。 该项目将全面实施一个更有效的信息技术模式，可在许多社会和经济领域加以仿效。 点对点交换是公民直接交换商品和服务，由经纪实体介导，通常体现为信息系统。 这是一种新兴的模式，它整合了经济和社会互动，为创新创造了许多可能性。 它包括多种服务，如乘车共享，日常任务，教科书共享，住宿共享，汽车共享，共享停车场，当地食品交换，共享家居用品，交换家常菜，共享工作空间和专业知识，时间银行和市政发展。这些应用程序中的许多都利用了原本被浪费的资源，如停放的汽车、空卧室和空闲时间，提高了经济活动的效率和可持续性。它们的数量和规模迅速增长;它们现在被统称为“协作经济”。“许多点对点交流涉及“及时”共享商品和服务，即在某人需要某样东西而其他人准备提供它时进行共享。因此，点对点交流成功的关键之一是提供者/要约者和接收者/请求者的密切协调。 在NSF最近的一个项目中，当前研究团队的成员使用智能手机客户端调查了移动的时间银行，在该系统中，社区成员可以自愿提供他们准备好执行的特定工作时间，以换取其他社区成员的工作时间，每小时都平等计算。 一个关键的挑战是在安排“及时”服务交流方面缺乏协调。 这项新的研究将调查计算方法来协调由上下文智能介导的协作互动。 还将研究什么样的用户，任务和交互信息促进有效的“及时”服务交流，以及用户如何适当和经验，这些交流。 一个大型的现场试验将调查上下文感知对等交易代理的采用、可用性和利用，并将提供结果的早期报告，帮助各种组织实施已被证明有效的技术。这项研究将扩展目前对参与有益的经济交易的动机，通过这种交易形成社会联系，以及如何通过情境感知技术培养实际帮助行为来增强主观幸福感的理解。 一个主要的目标是确定战略的上下文促进对等交流，可以激励经济交流活动，并支持新的交换，同时提高社会后果和伴随的交流互动。