CPS: Medium: Collaborative Research: Enabling and Advancing Human and Probabilistic Context Awareness for Smart Facilities and Elder Care

本研究的目的是使网络物理系统（CPS）能够感知环境中的人，并使用来自现实世界概率传感器的数据。方法是(1)使用无线电断层扫描（RT）和射频识别（RFID）提供建筑物或区域内每个人的意识（位置和潜在识别），以及(2)开发新的中间件工具，使上下文感知计算系统能够使用概率数据，从而允许新的应用程序利用有时不可靠的环境估计。该提案的智力优点在于开发了具有低无线电密度和跨多个频率的建筑规模RT的新算法和模型；开发高效的多通道接入协议，实现快速自适应点对点测量；开发时空和概率数据表示，用于基于流的上下文感知系统，并用于合并ID和非ID数据；(4)以及在概率数据和上下文感知应用程序之间建立接口的人类上下文感知软件开发工具包的开发。该提案广泛影响了网络物理系统的领域，这些系统可以推断人类的存在，并依赖于噪声和潜在的模糊（实用）传感器。该研究还在以下方面产生了巨大影响：(1)智能设施自动执行安全、隐私和安保程序，提高了在紧急情况下的响应能力，防止事故和破坏；(2)老年人护理，监测身体或社会衰退，以便实施有效的干预，延长老年人可以住在自己家里的时间，而不需要无处不在的视频监控。

The objective of this research is to enable cyberphysical systems (CPS) to be context-aware of people in the environment and to use data from real-world probabilistic sensors. The approach is (1) to use radio tomography (RT) and RFID to provide awareness (location and potential identification) of every person in a building or area, and (2) to develop new middleware tools to enable context-aware computing systems to use probabilistic data, thus allowing new applications to exploit sometimes unreliable estimates of the environment.The intellectual merit of the proposal is in the development of new algorithms and models for building-scale RT with low radio densities and across multiple frequencies; the development of efficient multichannel access protocols for rapid and adaptive peer-to-peer measurements; the development of space-time and probabilistic data representations for use in stream-based context awareness systems and for merging ID and non-ID data; (4) and the development of a human context-aware software development toolkit that interfaces between probabilistic data and context-aware applications. The proposal impacts broadly the area of Cyberphysical systems that reason about human presence and rely on noisy and potentially ambiguous (practical) sensors. The research has additional dramatic impact in: (1) smart facilities which automatically enforce safety, privacy, and security procedures, increasing the ability to respond in emergency situations and prevent accidents and sabotage; (2) elder care, to monitor for physical or social decline so that effective intervention can be implemented, extending the period elders can live in their own home, without pervasive video surveillance.