The North Atlantic Oscillation Over Three Millennia

北大西洋涛动（NAO）是指冰岛低压和亚速尔高压之间的气压差，是北大西洋地区气候的主要特征，与年际和年代际时间尺度的气候变化有关。NAO还与西北大西洋的温度、盐度和环流模式的变化有关，但这些变量的高质量仪器记录仅在过去60年中可用。该项目由伍兹霍尔海洋研究所的一名研究人员领导，将开发海洋对NAO反应的第一个长期记录。具体而言，底栖有孔虫的稳定氧同位素记录从缅因州，斯科舍大陆架，纽芬兰大陆架的海湾沉积物岩心将被用来重建温度和盐度模式在海面条件下与NAO的积极和消极的阶段。该项目将包括一次研究考察，以收集现有收藏品中没有的沉积物岩心。结果将补充陆基NAO记录，这些数据集应提供过去几千年北大西洋地区大气-海洋-冰冻圈变化的整体情况。资金还支持研究生和本科生的研究机会，以及高中教师的海上研究经验。

The North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO), defined as the atmospheric pressure differences between the Iceland Low and Azores High, is a dominant feature of climate in the North Atlantic region and is associated with climate changes at interannual and interdecadal timescales. The NAO is also associated with changes in temperature, salinity, and circulation patterns in the northwest Atlantic, but high-quality instrumental records of these variables are only available for the past 60 years. This project, led by a researcher from the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, will develop the first long term record of the ocean's response to the NAO. Specifically, benthic foraminiferal stable oxygen isotope records from sediment cores from the Gulf of Maine, Scotian shelf, and the Newfoundland continental shelf will be used to reconstruct temperature and salinity patterns in sea surface conditions associated with positive and negative phases of the NAO. The project will include a research expedition to collect sediment cores that are not available in existing collections. The results will complement land-based NAO records and together these data sets should provide a holistic picture of the atmosphere-ocean-cryosphere variability in the North Atlantic region over the past few millennia. Funding also supports research opportunities for graduate and undergraduate students, and an at-sea research experience for a high school teacher.