DISSERTATION RESEARCH: The intragenomic conflict between the meiotic driver Abnormal Chromosome 10 and its suppressor in Zea mays.

论文研究：玉米减数分裂驱动基因异常 10 号染色体与其抑制基因之间的基因组内冲突。

• 批准号: 1406078
• 负责人: R Kelly Dawe
• 金额: $ 1.92万
• 依托单位: University of Georgia Research Foundation Inc
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2014
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2014-06-01 至 2015-05-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1406078&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: DISSERTATION; RESEARCH; intragenomic; conflict; between

Abnormal chromosome 10 (Ab10) is a chromosome found in maize that breaks the rules of Mendelian genetics. The general assumption of genetics is that every trait, gene, and chromosome has a 50% chance of being passed on to the next generation. In most varieties of maize, Ab10 cheats these odds and shows up in 70-80% of offspring. However, other varieties suppress this selfish activity. This research will investigate how the individual maize plant fights back and stops the selfish chromosome from spreading quickly through the population. The use of high-throughput sequencing across a geographically diverse group of maize varieties with the ability to suppress Ab10 will identify the genes that evolved to police selfish elements and restore balance to the genome. Selfish elements are likely common in nature. An understanding of the race between a cheating chromosome and the genes that evolved to stop it tells the story of natural selection acting at the DNA level. Ab10 cheats during meiosis, a crucial process by which an organism parcels its DNA into gametes (seeds and pollen) and then passes it on to its offspring. Understanding how the selfish chromosome is halted illuminates the steps of the careful dance of chromosomes through meiosis and into the next generation.

异常10号染色体（Ab 10）是在玉米中发现的一种染色体，它打破了孟德尔遗传学的规则。遗传学的一般假设是，每一个性状、基因和染色体都有50%的机会遗传给下一代。 在大多数玉米品种中，Ab 10欺骗了这些几率，并出现在70-80%的后代中。然而，其他品种抑制这种自私的活动。这项研究将调查玉米个体如何反击并阻止自私染色体在种群中迅速传播。在具有抑制Ab 10能力的地理多样性玉米品种组中使用高通量测序将识别进化为警察自私元素并恢复基因组平衡的基因。自私的元素在自然界中可能很常见。对作弊染色体和进化来阻止它的基因之间的竞争的理解讲述了自然选择在DNA水平上起作用的故事。Ab 10在减数分裂过程中作弊，这是一个重要的过程，生物体将其DNA包裹成配子（种子和花粉），然后将其传递给后代。了解自私的染色体是如何停止的，就能阐明染色体在减数分裂中小心翼翼地跳舞并进入下一代的步骤。