Collaborative Research: High-Density, Cost-Effective Electrochemical Power Management with Real-Time Diagnostics

合作研究：具有实时诊断功能的高密度、经济高效的电化学电源管理

• 批准号: 1406450
• 负责人: Daniel Steingart
• 金额: $ 15万
• 依托单位: Princeton University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2014
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2014-09-01 至 2017-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1406450&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Collaborative; Research; Density; Cost; Effective

Electrochemical energy storage in the form of large arrays of small to medium sized battery cells has the potential to improve U.S. energy independence, efficiency, and security by enhancing the capabilities of the electrical grid and increasing the viability and acceptance of widespread electric transportation. With the ongoing decentralization of the electrical grid and the growing penetration of low-carbon, but intermittent, renewable energy sources, electrochemical storage may play a critical role in maintaining grid stability while helping to manage energy flow between generation and end-load. However, modern battery systems are complex with a wide range electrochemical processes that underlie the simple metrics of cell voltage and current. Limitations of current battery management systems (BMS) result in system overdesign and operation well below maximum energy and power capabilities to minimize risk of catastrophic failure and meet operational targets. There is a clear need for transformational innovation in energy storage management technology, especially at the intersection of distributed power electronics architectures, control systems, and diagnostics. This project will support a collaborative effort that spans these areas of critical importance, while also supporting a range of broader impact activities through engagement in undergraduate teaching, K-12 students, and the general public.In the collaborative project, researchers at Dartmouth will develop a new class of highly-integrated power electronics, used to manage individual cells in a large array, which will benefit from low-cost semiconductor batch fabrication, Moore's law scaling, and unprecedented performance in terms of efficiency versus power density. The Dartmouth team will also develop a multi-objective control system, implemented on top of the power electronics platform, to provide real-time diagnostics based on electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). Researchers at Princeton will support construction of the platform at the embedded systems and software level and will develop the diagnostic toolset used to measure the state-of-charge (SOC), state-of-health (SOH), and pending failure modes of individual cells in real-time. To characterize the system and study EIS failure mode signatures, the Princeton team will design a series of batteries with known characteristics and flaws. This will open new dimensions in state-of-health diagnosis and provide the ability to fingerprint important physical phenomena across multiple time-constant regimes. By providing a realistic roadmap to cost-effective, highly-granular management and diagnostics, the collaboration has the potential to improve safety, performance, and cycle life while supporting reductions in pack overbuild and overall cost.

以大型中小型电池阵列的形式进行的电化学能量存储，通过增强电网的能力和提高广泛的电力运输的可行性和接受度，有可能提高美国的能源独立性、效率和安全性。随着电网的分散化和低碳但间歇性的可再生能源的日益普及，电化学存储可能在维持电网稳定方面发挥关键作用，同时有助于管理发电和终端负荷之间的能量流。然而，现代电池系统是复杂的，具有广泛的电化学过程，其基础是电池电压和电流的简单度量。当前电池管理系统（BMS）的局限性导致系统过度设计和运行远低于最大能量和功率能力，以最大限度地降低灾难性故障的风险并满足运行目标。储能管理技术的转型创新显然是有必要的，特别是在分布式电力电子架构、控制系统和诊断的交叉领域。该项目将支持跨越这些至关重要领域的合作努力，同时通过参与本科教学、K-12学生和公众，支持一系列更广泛的影响活动。在合作项目中，达特茅斯学院的研究人员将开发一种新型的高度集成的电力电子设备，用于管理大型阵列中的单个电池，这将受益于低成本的半导体批量制造，摩尔定律缩放，以及效率与功率密度方面前所未有的性能。达特茅斯团队还将开发一个多目标控制系统，该系统将在电力电子平台上实施，以提供基于电化学阻抗谱（EIS）的实时诊断。普林斯顿大学的研究人员将在嵌入式系统和软件层面支持该平台的建设，并将开发用于实时测量单个电池的充电状态（SOC）、健康状态（SOH）和即将发生的故障模式的诊断工具集。为了表征该系统并研究EIS故障模式特征，普林斯顿大学的研究小组将设计一系列具有已知特性和缺陷的电池。这将为健康状态诊断开辟新的维度，并提供跨多个时间常数制度识别重要物理现象的能力。通过提供具有成本效益、高粒度管理和诊断的实际路线图，该合作具有提高安全性、性能和循环寿命的潜力，同时支持减少包的过度构建和总体成本。