NeTS: Medium: Energy Efficient Operation and Control of Green Base Stations with Renewable Energy: Theory to Practice

NeTS：中：可再生能源绿色基站的节能运行和控制：理论到实践

• 批准号: 1409336
• 负责人: Ness Shroff
• 金额: $ 101.6万
• 依托单位: Ohio State University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 2014
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2014-08-01 至 2020-07-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1409336&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: NeTS; Medium; Energy; Efficient; Operation

The annual global expenditure of electricity consumed is more than $10 billion dollars, with cellular base-stations contributing to 60-80% of the energy consumption. In order to reduce the energy requirements of cellular networks, a promising new approach is to connect base-stations with energy harvesting and storage devices. The key benefits of such base-stations are threefold: (i) Green base-stations are suited for deploying off-power-grid base-stations, or where reliable power does not exist; (ii) they will reduce the operational cost for cellular providers, which could translate to lower costs for end-customers; (iii) they will reduce the carbon emission footprint of cellular infrastructure. A major challenge pursued in this project is to design a cost-effective green base-station based system that can adequately exploit these new harvesting and storage devices. Hence, the overarching goal of this project is to develop the mathematical foundations for the design and operation of cellular base-stations equipped with energy harvesting devices, and to develop practical solutions that can be implemented in real cellular systems. This project combines techniques from networking, algorithmic design, controls, optimization, and game theory to address critical issues in this important emerging area. Hence, graduate students trained on this project will be exposed to a variety of different disciplines, which in turn will be beneficial to them as they enter the global workforce. Further, the project will offer undergraduate students opportunities to be involved in the more practical aspects of the project. The PIs will also work closely with the industry to help impact real systems. In order to achieve the aforementioned goal, research on the project will focus on the following three critical inter-related thrust areas: (i) Dynamic Energy Control: Developing control strategies for minimizing the energy costs of base-stations in cellular networks governed by a single operator. Some of the key difficulties that will be addressed here are: how to dynamically control the battery levels at each base-station taking into account energy harvesting and user-load profile dynamics; how to form associations between users and base-stations based on energy reserves; how to ensure both energy efficiency and user experiences are satisfied. (ii) Base-Station Availability Control: Developing energy management strategies that carefully balance the energy savings and the cost incurred in ON/OFF operations by jointly considering the traffic demand and renewable energy supply. (iii) Multi-operator Base-station Management: Cooperation and Competition: Designing mechanisms to allow energy cost reductions by resource-pooling between multiple operators taking into account the practical realities of the marketplace and incentives/penalties. The analytical models and algorithms developed during the course of this project will be validated via experiments on a testbed at OSU, and trace-driven emulations.

全球每年消耗的电力支出超过100亿美元，其中蜂窝基站占能源消耗的60-80%。为了降低蜂窝网络的能量需求，一种有前途的新方法是将基站与能量收集和存储设备连接起来。 这种基站的主要好处有三个方面：（i）绿色基站适合于部署离网基站，或者在不存在可靠电力的地方;（ii）它们将降低蜂窝提供商的运营成本，这可以转化为最终客户的更低成本;（iii）它们将减少蜂窝基础设施的碳排放足迹。在这个项目中追求的一个主要挑战是设计一个具有成本效益的绿色基站为基础的系统，可以充分利用这些新的收获和存储设备。因此，该项目的首要目标是开发配备能量收集设备的蜂窝基站的设计和操作的数学基础，并开发可以在真实的蜂窝系统中实施的实用解决方案。该项目结合了网络，算法设计，控制，优化和博弈论的技术，以解决这一重要的新兴领域的关键问题。 因此，在这个项目上培训的研究生将接触到各种不同的学科，这反过来将有利于他们进入全球劳动力市场。此外，该项目将为本科生提供参与该项目更实际方面的机会。PI还将与行业密切合作，以帮助影响真实的系统。为了实现上述目标，该项目的研究将集中在以下三个相互关联的关键领域：（i）动态能量控制：制定控制战略，以尽量减少由单一运营商管理的蜂窝网络中基站的能源成本。这里将解决的一些关键困难是：如何在考虑能量收集和用户负载曲线动态的情况下动态地控制每个基站处的电池水平;如何基于能量储备在用户和基站之间形成关联;如何确保能量效率和用户体验都得到满足。(ii)基站可用性控制：制定能源管理策略，通过共同考虑交通需求和可再生能源供应，仔细平衡节能和ON/OFF操作所产生的成本。(iii)多运营商基站管理：合作与竞争：考虑到市场的实际情况和激励/惩罚，设计机制，通过多个运营商之间的资源池来降低能源成本。在这个项目的过程中开发的分析模型和算法将通过在俄勒冈州立大学的测试平台上进行实验和跟踪驱动的仿真来验证。