Spatially precise optogenetics at depth: cracking neural circuits with structured illumination and ultrafast imaging in the intact brain. DEC 8-10, 2013; Workshop

光遗传学正在迅速改变科学家揭示大脑回路基本运作的方式，这些回路是感觉、行动和认知的核心。迄今为止，绝大多数光遗传学研究主要利用了光遗传学的遗传学方面，利用基因表达的特异性来控制和成像大脑中独特的细胞类型和连接。然而，照明光的精确空间控制提供了尚未充分利用的特异性的额外维度，部分原因是脑组织的散射特性带来的挑战。多光子成像和结构化照明的最近和未来的工作，结合替代方法，如微米尺度，植入式照明设备，有望开辟全新的研究途径，以了解神经计算，感觉编码和自闭症，精神分裂症和癫痫等脑疾病的神经缺陷的基本基础。本次会议的重点是：结构化照明，超快成像和局部植入式照明设备的进展，以控制大脑深度的神经活动超出多光子显微镜的限制。受邀者将展示他们的最新进展，并讨论该领域面临的主要挑战，以及如何克服这些挑战，开发必要的技术，以解开大脑功能和疾病的基本方面。

Optogenetics is rapidly altering how scientists reveal the basic operation of the brain circuits that are central to sensation, action, and cognition. The vast majority of optogenetic studies to date have primarily capitalized on the genetic side of optogenetics taking advantage of the specificity of gene expression tocontrol and image unique cell types and connections in the brain. However, precise spatialcontrol of the illuminating light affords an additional dimension of specificity that has been underutilized, partly owing to the challenges posed by the scattering properties of brain tissue. Recent and future work in multi-photon imaging and structured illumination, combined with alternative approaches such as micron scale, implantable illumination devices promise to open up whole new avenues of research to understand the elementary basis of neural computation, sensory coding, and neural defects in brain diseases such as autism, schizophrenia, and epilepsy. There will a focus at this meeting:on advances in structured illumination, ultrafast imaging and local implantable illumination devices, to control neural activity at brain depths beyond the limits of multi-photon microscopy. Invitees will present their recent advances, and also discuss the major outstanding challenges in this field and how to surmount thesechallenges to develop the necessary technologies that will unlock fundamental aspects of brain function and disease.