EAPSI: Investigating the effectiveness of intergroup apologies on reducing negative intergroup attitudes

来自其他国家的个人犯下的负面行为，如2007年弗吉尼亚理工大学的悲惨校园枪击事件，往往会导致对该国人民的敌意和负面评价增加。为了减轻这些负面反应，国家可以代表国家对其公民的行为道歉。这些道歉被定义为群际道歉，即两组个体之间的道歉。拟议的项目将调查群体间道歉在改善群体间关系和态度方面的作用。此外，本研究将推进我们的理解，如何在群体实体性的文化差异，即如何强烈的群体被视为凝聚力，影响的看法群际道歉。本研究将在假设下进行，即更高的群体实体性将激发更多的需要，群体道歉，以及更大的期望道歉，随后导致更多的负面评价，如果没有道歉。这项研究将在韩国忠北国立大学与Sanghee Park博士合作进行。将招募来自美国和韩国的参与者。本研究将采用2（美国或韩国）× 2（道歉或不道歉）析因设计，依赖措施是外群体态度和内隐联想测试（IAT）的量表项目。 参与者将被呈现一个描述负面群体间事件的场景，然后被随机分配到道歉或不道歉的条件下。道歉后，问卷调查将被用来评估的道歉，群体的实体性，和外群体的态度的看法。此外，对韩国人和美国人与IAT的隐性负面关联也将进行评估。IAT和外显态度测量的结果将提供一个测试，是否道歉减少了负面的组间态度。这个NSF EAPSI奖是与韩国国家研究基金会合作资助的。

Negative acts committed by individuals from other nations, such as the tragic school shoot at Virginia Tech in 2007, often engender increased hostile and negative evaluations towards people from that nation. To mitigate these negative reactions, countries may issue an apology on behalf of the nation for the acts committed by their citizens. These apologies are defined as intergroup apologies, that is, apologies between two groups of individuals. The proposed project will investigate the role of intergroup apologies on ameliorating relationships and attitudes between groups. In addition, this study will advance our understanding of how cultural differences in group entitativity, that is, how strongly groups are viewed as cohesive, affect perceptions of intergroup apologies. This study will be conducted under the hypothesis that higher group entitativity will incite more of a need for group apologies as well as greater expectation for an apology, subsequently leading to more negative evaluations if no apology is given. This study will be carried out at Chungbuk National University in South Korea in collaboration with Dr. Sanghee Park. Participants from United States and South Korea will be recruited. This study will employ a 2 (United States or South Korea) x 2 (Apology or No-Apology) factorial design with dependent measures being scale items on outgroup attitudes and an Implicit Associations Test (IAT). Participants will be presented with a scenario depicting a negative intergroup event and then be randomly assigned to an apology or no apology condition. Following the apology, questionnaires will be given to assess perceptions of the apology, group entitativity, and outgroup attitudes. In addition, implicit negative associations towards South Koreans and Americans with the IAT will be assessed. Results from the IAT and explicit attitude measures will afford a test of whether apologies reduced negative intergroup attitudes. This NSF EAPSI award is funded in collaboration with the National Research Foundation of Korea.