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Collaborative Research: Social Perception of Groups

合作研究：群体的社会认知

基本信息

批准号：
2017250
负责人：
Nicholas Alt
金额：
$ 14.8万
依托单位：
California State University-Long Beach Foundation
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
Standard Grant
财政年份：
2020
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2020-08-01 至 2023-01-31
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=2017250&HistoricalAwards=false
关键词：
Collaborative Research Social Perception Groups

项目摘要

In daily life, people regularly encounter unknown others, and they tend to categorize them in terms of their social category memberships, such as sex (i.e., male, female), race (e.g. , Black, White, Asian, etc. ), and emotion (e.g., happy, angry). These perceptions occur rapidly from merely a glimpse of a face or body and often produce judgments that are more evaluative in nature. Prior research examining how observers perceive others focused largely on understanding the perception of individuals. In daily life, however, we often encounter others in groups rather than in isolation. Little is known about how people quickly and accurately form impressions of groups. The proposed research builds on recent theoretical advances to test how individuals perceive groups of people. This research will provide important insights about how observers form meaningful impressions that impact their judgments, decisions, and behaviors about others. This research has important implications for social perception, stereotyping, and vision perception research. The research tests hypotheses about the mechanisms that underlie the social perception of groups. One set of experiments tests the means by which observers accurately perceive a group’s composition (e.g., the ratio of men to women) by examining how variations in group composition, the physical appearance of group members, and the visual behavior of observers impact the accuracy of group percepts. Another set of experiments tests how members of a group are perceived as sub-groups and individually (i.e. visual assimilation or contrast). Other experiments explore the consequences of these patterns by seeking to understand how groups are evaluated by observers, leading to inferences that a group might be either hostile or hospitable to the perceiver. A final set of experiments seeks to test the mechanisms of group perception for groups that occur naturally in society (e.g., members of corporate boards, faculty rosters from university departments, and panelists at scientific conferences). This research will contribute to our understanding of the social perception of groups. The research illuminates how groups and contexts can contribute to or explain group stereotypes.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

在日常生活中，人们经常遇到未知的其他人，他们倾向于根据他们的社会类别成员资格对他们进行分类，例如性别（即，男性、女性）、种族（例如，黑人、白色、亚洲人等）和情感（例如，高兴、生气）。这些感知从仅仅瞥见一张脸或身体就迅速发生，并且通常产生本质上更具评价性的判断。以前的研究考察观察者如何看待他人主要集中在理解个人的看法。然而，在日常生活中，我们经常在群体中而不是孤立地遇到他人。人们对群体如何快速准确地形成印象知之甚少。拟议的研究建立在最近的理论进展，以测试个人如何看待群体的人。这项研究将为观察者如何形成有意义的印象，影响他们对他人的判断，决定和行为提供重要的见解。本研究对社会知觉、刻板印象和视觉知觉研究具有重要意义。该研究测试了关于群体社会感知机制的假设。一组实验测试观察者准确感知一个群体的组成的方法（例如，男性与女性的比例），通过研究群体组成的变化，群体成员的外表，以及观察者的视觉行为如何影响群体感知的准确性。另一组实验测试一个群体的成员如何被视为子群体和个体（即视觉同化或对比）。其他实验通过试图理解观察者如何评价群体来探索这些模式的后果，从而推断出一个群体可能对感知者怀有敌意或友好。最后一组实验旨在测试社会中自然发生的群体的群体感知机制（例如，公司董事会成员、大学院系的教员名册以及科学会议的小组成员）。本研究将有助于我们理解群体的社会知觉。该研究阐明了群体和背景如何有助于或解释群体刻板印象。该奖项反映了NSF的法定使命，并被认为值得通过使用基金会的智力价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估来支持。