EAPSI: Contributions of microorganisms to greenhouse gas emissions from volcanic soils prevalent in the Pacific Rim Region

EAPSI：微生物对环太平洋地区火山土壤温室气体排放的贡献

• 批准号: 1414921
• 负责人: Andrew Giguere
• 金额: $ 0.51万
• 依托单位: Giguere Andrew
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Fellowship Award
• 财政年份: 2014
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2014-06-01 至 2015-05-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1414921&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: EAPSI; Contributions; microorganisms; greenhouse; gas

Soils derived from materials of volcanic origin (e.g. Andisols) play an especially important role in Japan, the United States and other countries around the Pacific Rim with volcanic activity. In Japan, Andisols comprise a large fraction of the agricultural soil resource. Andisols have a large influence on human activities on the Pacific Rim. They are often located in regions with high population density, and have high agricultural productivity. Andisols have unique physical and chemical properties not found in other soil types. This research will examine how the chemical and physical properties of cropped and noncropped Andisols influence the nitrogen (N) cycle and greenhouse gas emissions. This research will be conducted in collaboration with Dr. Yuichi Suwa at Chuo University. Dr. Suwa's laboratory has more than 20 years of experience examining nitrogen cycling, and has the resources necessary to conduct this research. Nitrification is an important part of the global nitrogen cycle in which ammonium (NH4+) is oxidized to nitrate (NO3-). The oxidation of NH4+ is the rate-controlling step of nitrification and is carried out by ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB) and archaea (AOA). Nitrification may promote N loss from terrestrial environments that otherwise would be available to plants. The process of nitrification can lead to loss of N as nitrous oxide (N2O) which is a potent greenhouse gas with 350 times the warming potential of carbon dioxide (CO2), and its concentration is increasing. The process of nitrification is especially important in soils that are heavily impacted by human activities. This study will examine how the nitrification activity and N2O emissions from AOA and AOB in allophanic and nonallophanic Andisols respond to changes in conditions of NH3 availability, O2 tension, and water content. This NSF EAPSI award is funded in collaboration with the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science.

在日本、美国和太平洋沿岸其他火山活动国家，由火山源物质（如安地土）形成的土壤发挥着特别重要的作用。在日本，Andisols包括农业土壤资源的很大一部分。安第斯土壤对环太平洋地区的人类活动有很大的影响。它们往往位于人口密度高的地区，农业生产力高。安多土具有其他土壤类型所不具有的独特物理和化学性质。本研究将探讨农作物和非农作物的土壤的化学和物理性质如何影响氮（N）循环和温室气体排放。这项研究将与中央大学的Yuichi Suwa博士合作进行。Suwa博士的实验室拥有20多年的氮循环研究经验，并拥有进行这项研究所需的资源。 硝化作用是全球氮循环的重要组成部分，其中铵（NH 4+）被氧化成硝酸盐（NO3-）。NH 4+的氧化是硝化的速率控制步骤，由氨氧化细菌（AOB）和古细菌（AOA）完成。硝化作用可能会促进氮素从陆地环境中的损失，否则将提供给植物。硝化过程会导致氮以一氧化二氮（N2 O）的形式流失，一氧化二氮（N2 O）是一种潜在的温室气体，其变暖潜力是二氧化碳（CO2）的350倍，并且其浓度正在增加。硝化过程在受人类活动严重影响的土壤中尤其重要。本研究将探讨如何硝化活性和N2 O排放AOA和AOB在脲基和nonallophanic Andisols响应NH3的可用性，O2张力和水含量的条件下的变化。这个NSF EAPSI奖是与日本科学促进协会合作资助的。