Non-tailpipe Emissions: The Next Frontier in Vehicle Contributions to Air Quality and Climate Change

在这个研究项目中，PI和Co-PI团队将研究刹车和轮胎的颗粒排放，重点关注大气化学和气候影响。特别是，该团队将量化刹车和轮胎颗粒排放对总空气污染物负担的贡献。随着汽车从化石燃料转向电动发动机，这些排放物以及其他非废气排放变得越来越重要。这一转变意味着基于废气的排放的总体贡献减少，而非基于废气的排放的贡献增加。具体而言，项目团队将：(1)开发一个定制的测力计，用于在实验室环境中模拟真实驾驶条件，以测量刹车和轮胎排放；(2)与当地社区组织合作，对非废气排放进行实地测量；(3)通过建模模拟制动和轮胎磨损排放情景。本研究项目将资助两名博士后研究人员和两名研究生，以及一名暑期本科生，并将进行K-12教育和推广。具体而言，该项目将：(1)将选定的制动器和轮胎的气体和颗粒排放作为制动器和轮胎类型和驾驶周期的函数进行量化；(2)确定可在实地研究中测量的独特示踪剂，以估计其对空气污染物负担的贡献。气体测量将使用质子转移反应质谱法，化学电离质谱法，全空气采样到罐子和固体吸附剂，以及微量气体分析仪。颗粒大小和数量分布将使用扫描迁移度粒度仪和空气动力学粒度仪来确定，它们的成分将使用热解吸化学电离质谱法、高分辨率气溶胶质谱法和过滤器/撞击器收集进行液相色谱离线分析。将进行实地研究，以测量示踪剂和有关的刹车和轮胎磨损排放物，并与当地社区组织合作选择地点。该奖项反映了美国国家科学基金会的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的知识价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。

In this research project, the PI and Co-PI team will study particle emissions from brakes and tires with a focus on both atmospheric chemistry and climate impacts. In particular, this team will quantify the contribution of brake and tire particle emissions on the total air pollutant burden. These, and other non-exhaust emissions, are of growing importance as the vehicle fleet shifts away from fossil fuels and towards electric engines. This shift means that the overall contribution of exhaust-based emissions decreases while the contribution of non-exhaust-based emissions increases. Specifically, the project team will: (1) develop a custom dynamometer that will be used to mimic real driving conditions in a laboratory setting in order to measure brake and tire emissions; (2) take field measurements of non-exhaust emissions will be taken in collaboration with a local community organization, and (3) simulate brake- and tire-wear emission scenarios via modeling. This research project will support two postdoctoral researchers and two graduate students, as well as one summer undergraduate student, and K-12 education and outreach will be conducted.Specifically, this project will: (1) quantify both the gas and particle emissions from selected brakes and tires as a function of brake and tire types and driving cycles; and (2) identify unique tracers that can be measured in field studies to estimate their contributions to the air pollutant burden. Gases will be measured using proton transfer reaction mass spectrometry, chemical ionization mass spectrometry, whole air sampling into canisters and onto solid sorbents, and trace gas analyzers. Particle size and number distributions will be determined using a scanning mobility particle sizer and aerodynamic particle sizer, and their composition measured using thermal desorption chemical ionization mass spectrometry, high resolution aerosol mass spectrometry and filter/impactor collection for offline analysis by liquid chromatography. Field studies to measure tracers and associated brake- and tire-wear emissions will be carried out with site selection being done in collaboration with a local community organization.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.