Cortical and Brainstem Contributions to Binocular Eye Movements

皮质和脑干对双眼眼球运动的贡献

• 批准号: 10568841
• 负责人: STEPHEN J HEINEN
• 金额: $ 53.24万
• 依托单位: SMITH-KETTLEWELL EYE RESEARCH INSTITUTE
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2023
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2023-08-01 至 2027-06-30
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10568841
• 关键词: 3-Dimensional; Architecture; Automobile Driving; Behavior; Brain Stem; Calibration; Cognition; Cognitive; Curiosities; Darkness; Data; Diagnosis; Diagnostic; Disease; Divorce; Eye; Eye Movements; Intervention; Knowledge; Lesion; Limb structure; Location; Modeling; Motion; Movement; Optics; Output; Research; Retina; Robot; Rotation; Saccades; Signal Transduction; Smooth Pursuit; Strabismus; Structure; Symptoms; System; Testing; Thumb structure; diagnostic value; experimental study; gaze; hand grasp; improved; monocular; neural; oculomotor; predictive modeling; rapid eye movement; theories; virtual

The proposal challenges Hering’s theories of unitary conjugate and vergence commands that guide research on the neural architecture of oculomotor systems and buttress strabismus intervention. In most oculomotor research one eye is recorded, assuming that both eyes are “yoked”, rotating together. Yet most eye movements acquire objects divorced from frontoparallel or midline trajectories, and their control is poorly understood. While some evidence suggests the eyes are controlled independently, the assumptions of yoked control nevertheless dominate oculomotor research. Consequently, neural oculomotor structures are characterized as issuing cyclopean eye rotation commands. Recent monocular pursuit data from our lab argue against yoked control of vergence movements, which continues to form the basis of almost all oculomotor control models. We propose a new alternative model architecture with two synergistic components. One is cognitive and cortical and it moves each eye slowly and separately. The other is reflexive and in the brainstem, and it moves the eyes rapidly and conjugately as a pair. Our project has the potential to initiate revision of strabismus assessment by questioning the validity of the critical AC/A ratio diagnostic, and potentially guide clinicians’ decisions regarding intervention. Aims assess: Aim 1. Does monocular viewing reveal hidden architecture of binocular eye movement coordination? Our preliminary data show that during midline pursuit an occluded eye rotates inappropriately for the target’s motion, often with conjugacy. This might be because the target is misperceived as displaced off the midline, or eye rotation drifts in a random direction due to misperception of target depth. Alternatively, retinal motion in the viewing eye triggers brainstem conjugate circuitry that adds conjugacy to the covered eye’s behavior as our model postulates. We test if conjugacy arises because of misperceptions or of conjugate circuitry activation. Aim 2. Do asymmetric eye movements reveal contributions of conjugate and independent systems? In our model, the output of the rapid conjugate system is combined with that of a system that rotates each eye slowly and independently. We will test predictions of the model concerning how inappropriate ocular intrusions with Müller alignment and curiously slow midline saccades occur, as well as how asymmetric eye movements acquire targets in 3D space. Aim 3. Is the independent system influenced by cognition while the conjugate system is not? In our data, monocular viewing of an object moving in depth often succeeds in driving vergence pursuit in the covered eye but fails completely to drive vergence saccades. Furthermore, in the dark, smooth vergence follows self-generated limb motion, but inappropriate, apparently reflexive conjugate saccades occur when looking between thumbs “aligned” at different depths. We will test if only the slow system or rapid one is influenced by cognition, and if they use endogenous signals to track targets.

该提议挑战了海林指导研究的么正共轭和收敛命令理论 论眼动系统的神经结构与支撑性斜视的干预。大多数动眼神经 研究记录了一只眼睛，假设两只眼睛都是“轭”的，一起旋转。然而，大多数人的眼睛 运动获得脱离前线或中线轨迹的物体，并且它们的控制能力很差 明白了。虽然一些证据表明眼睛是独立控制的，但伊科德的假设 尽管如此，控制仍主导着眼球运动研究。因此，神经动眼结构 其特征在于发出循环的眼睛旋转命令。我们实验室最近的单目追踪数据表明 反对偏向控制眼球运动，这继续构成几乎所有眼球运动的基础 控制模型。我们提出了一种新的具有两个协同组件的替代模型体系结构。一是 认知和大脑皮层，它缓慢而独立地移动每只眼睛。另一个是反射性的，在脑干中， 它像一双眼睛一样快速而协调地移动眼睛。我们的项目有可能启动对 通过质疑临界AC/A比率诊断和潜在指南的有效性来评估斜视 临床医生关于干预的决定。目标评估： 目的1.单眼观察是否揭示了双眼运动协调的隐藏结构？ 我们的初步数据显示，在中线追踪期间，被遮挡的眼睛会不适当地旋转，以适应目标的 运动，通常是共轭的。这可能是因为目标被误解为偏离了中线，或者 由于对目标深度的错误感知，眼睛旋转在随机方向上漂移。另一种选择是，视网膜运动 观看眼睛触发脑干共轭电路，这增加了被遮盖眼睛的行为的共轭，因为我们的 模型假设。我们测试共轭是否由于误解或共轭电路激活而产生。 目的2.非对称眼球运动是否揭示了共轭系统和独立系统的贡献？在……里面 我们的模型，快速共轭系统的输出与旋转每只眼睛的系统的输出相结合 慢慢地，独立地。我们将测试模型的预测，关于不适当的眼球侵入 随着米勒的调整和令人惊讶的缓慢的中线扫视，以及如何不对称的眼睛运动 获取3D空间中的目标。 目的3.独立系统是否受认知的影响，而共轭系统不受影响？ 在我们的数据中，单目观察深度移动的对象通常会成功地在 被遮盖的眼睛，但完全不能驱动融合扫视。此外，在黑暗中，光芒四射 遵循自身产生的肢体运动，但不适当的、显然是反射性共轭眼跳在以下情况下发生 两个拇指在不同的深度“对齐”。我们将测试是否只有速度较慢的系统或快速的系统 受认知的影响，以及他们是否使用内源信号来跟踪目标。