Cortical and Brainstem Contributions to Binocular Eye Movements

皮质和脑干对双眼眼球运动的贡献

• 批准号: 10568841
• 负责人: STEPHEN J HEINEN
• 金额: $ 53.24万
• 依托单位: SMITH-KETTLEWELL EYE RESEARCH INSTITUTE
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2023
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2023-08-01 至 2027-06-30
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10568841
• 关键词: 3-Dimensional; Architecture; Automobile Driving; Behavior; Brain Stem; Calibration; Cognition; Cognitive; Curiosities; Darkness; Data; Diagnosis; Diagnostic; Disease; Divorce; Eye; Eye Movements; Intervention; Knowledge; Lesion; Limb structure; Location; Modeling; Motion; Movement; Optics; Output; Research; Retina; Robot; Rotation; Saccades; Signal Transduction; Smooth Pursuit; Strabismus; Structure; Symptoms; System; Testing; Thumb structure; diagnostic value; experimental study; gaze; hand grasp; improved; monocular; neural; oculomotor; predictive modeling; rapid eye movement; theories; virtual

The proposal challenges Hering’s theories of unitary conjugate and vergence commands that guide research on the neural architecture of oculomotor systems and buttress strabismus intervention. In most oculomotor research one eye is recorded, assuming that both eyes are “yoked”, rotating together. Yet most eye movements acquire objects divorced from frontoparallel or midline trajectories, and their control is poorly understood. While some evidence suggests the eyes are controlled independently, the assumptions of yoked control nevertheless dominate oculomotor research. Consequently, neural oculomotor structures are characterized as issuing cyclopean eye rotation commands. Recent monocular pursuit data from our lab argue against yoked control of vergence movements, which continues to form the basis of almost all oculomotor control models. We propose a new alternative model architecture with two synergistic components. One is cognitive and cortical and it moves each eye slowly and separately. The other is reflexive and in the brainstem, and it moves the eyes rapidly and conjugately as a pair. Our project has the potential to initiate revision of strabismus assessment by questioning the validity of the critical AC/A ratio diagnostic, and potentially guide clinicians’ decisions regarding intervention. Aims assess: Aim 1. Does monocular viewing reveal hidden architecture of binocular eye movement coordination? Our preliminary data show that during midline pursuit an occluded eye rotates inappropriately for the target’s motion, often with conjugacy. This might be because the target is misperceived as displaced off the midline, or eye rotation drifts in a random direction due to misperception of target depth. Alternatively, retinal motion in the viewing eye triggers brainstem conjugate circuitry that adds conjugacy to the covered eye’s behavior as our model postulates. We test if conjugacy arises because of misperceptions or of conjugate circuitry activation. Aim 2. Do asymmetric eye movements reveal contributions of conjugate and independent systems? In our model, the output of the rapid conjugate system is combined with that of a system that rotates each eye slowly and independently. We will test predictions of the model concerning how inappropriate ocular intrusions with Müller alignment and curiously slow midline saccades occur, as well as how asymmetric eye movements acquire targets in 3D space. Aim 3. Is the independent system influenced by cognition while the conjugate system is not? In our data, monocular viewing of an object moving in depth often succeeds in driving vergence pursuit in the covered eye but fails completely to drive vergence saccades. Furthermore, in the dark, smooth vergence follows self-generated limb motion, but inappropriate, apparently reflexive conjugate saccades occur when looking between thumbs “aligned” at different depths. We will test if only the slow system or rapid one is influenced by cognition, and if they use endogenous signals to track targets.

该提案挑战了Hering的指导研究的酉共轭和聚散命令理论 对眼神经系统和支持性斜视干预的影响。在大多数眼科 研究一只眼睛被记录，假设两只眼睛是“轭”，一起旋转。但大多数人的眼睛 运动获得脱离锋平行或中线轨迹的物体，并且它们的控制很差 明白虽然一些证据表明眼睛是独立控制的， 然而，控制在眼球运动研究中占据主导地位。因此，神经眼神经结构 其特征在于，所述方法包括：发出复眼旋转命令。我们实验室最近的单目追踪数据表明， 反对对聚散运动的控制，这仍然是几乎所有眼科学的基础。 控制模型我们提出了一个新的替代模型架构，两个协同组件。一是 它缓慢地分别移动每只眼睛。另一个是反射性的在脑干， 它会使眼睛快速移动，并像一对眼睛一样结合。我们的项目有可能启动修订 通过质疑关键AC/A比率诊断的有效性进行斜视评估，并可能指导 临床医生关于干预的决定。目的评估： 目标1.单眼观察是否揭示了双眼运动协调的隐藏结构？ 我们的初步数据表明，在中线追踪过程中，被遮挡的眼睛旋转不适当， 运动，常带有共轭性。这可能是因为目标被误认为偏离了中线，或者 由于对目标深度的误解，眼睛旋转会沿随机方向漂移。或者，视网膜运动在 观看眼睛触发脑干共轭回路，增加共轭覆盖的眼睛的行为，因为我们的 模型假设我们测试，如果共轭出现，因为误解或共轭电路激活。 目标二。不对称眼球运动是否揭示了共轭系统和独立系统的贡献？在 在我们的模型中，快速共轭系统的输出与旋转每只眼睛的系统的输出相结合 缓慢而独立地。我们将测试模型的预测，关于如何不适当的眼睛入侵 与穆勒对齐和奇怪的缓慢中线扫视发生，以及如何不对称的眼球运动， 获取3D空间中的目标。 目标3.独立系统是否受认知的影响而共轭系统不受认知的影响？ 在我们的数据中，单目观察深度移动的物体通常成功地驱动了在 遮盖眼睛但完全不能驱动聚散扫视。此外，在黑暗中， 遵循自我产生的肢体运动，但不适当的，显然是反射共轭眼跳发生时， 在不同的深度“对齐”的拇指之间寻找。我们将测试是否只有慢速系统或快速系统 受认知的影响，以及它们是否使用内源性信号来跟踪目标。