Collaborative Research: Ocean Acidification and Coral Reefs: Scale Dependence and Adaptive Capacity

合作研究：海洋酸化和珊瑚礁：规模依赖性和适应能力

• 批准号: 1415268
• 负责人: Robert Carpenter
• 金额: $ 189.29万
• 依托单位: The University Corporation, Northridge
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2015
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2015-01-01 至 2019-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1415268&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Collaborative; Research; Ocean; Acidification; Coral

Title: Collaborative Research: Ocean Acidification and Coral Reefs - Scale Dependence and Adaptive CapacityThis project focuses on the most serious threat to marine ecosystems, Ocean Acidification (OA), and addresses the problem in the most diverse and beautiful ecosystem on the planet, coral reefs. The research utilizes Moorea, French Polynesia as a model system, and builds from the NSF investment in the Moorea Coral Reef Long Term Ecological Research Site (LTER) to exploit physical and biological monitoring of coral reefs as a context for a program of studies focused on the ways in which OA will affect corals, calcified algae, and coral reef ecosystems. The project builds on a four-year NSF award with research in five new directions: (1) experiments of year-long duration, (2) studies of coral reefs to 20-m depth, (3) experiments in which carbon dioxide will be administered to plots of coral reef underwater, (4) measurements of the capacity of coral reef organisms to change through evolutionary and induced responses to improve their resistance to OA, and (5) application of emerging theories to couple studies of individual organisms to studies of whole coral reefs. Broader impacts will accrue through a better understanding of the ways in which OA will affect coral reefs that are the poster child for demonstrating climate change effects in the marine environment, and which provide income, food, and coastal protection to millions of people living in coastal areas, including in the United States. Additionally, the research will have broad-reaching and cascading effects at multiple levels associated with public awareness of climate change effects, and the preparation of an American workforce focused on Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics (STEM) careers. These effects will be realized by basing the research in a 4-year, Hispanic-serving campus California State University Northridge (CSUN) where undergraduates will have strong involvement in the project through classroom instruction and Research Experience for Undergraduates (REU) opportunities, and postdoctoral, graduate, and technical staff opportunities will be supported. An ongoing program of high school involvement will be extended to include K-12 educators in Moorea, and integration of lesson plans between local schools and CSUN.This project focuses on the effects of Ocean Acidification on tropical coral reefs and builds on a program of research results from an existing 4-year award, and closely interfaces with the technical, hardware, and information infrastructure provided through the Moorea Coral Reef (MCR) LTER. The MCR-LTER, provides an unparalleled opportunity to partner with a study of OA effects on a coral reef with a location that arguably is better instrumented and studied in more ecological detail than any other coral reef in the world. Therefore, the results can be both contextualized by a high degree of ecological and physical relevance, and readily integrated into emerging theory seeking to predict the structure and function of coral reefs in warmer and more acidic future oceans. The existing award has involved a program of study in Moorea that has focused mostly on short-term organismic and ecological responses of corals and calcified algae, experiments conducted in mesocosms and flumes, and measurements of reef-scale calcification. This new award involves three new technical advances: for the first time, experiments will be conducted of year-long duration in replicate outdoor flumes; CO2 treatments will be administered to fully intact reef ecosystems in situ using replicated underwater flumes; and replicated common garden cultivation techniques will be used to explore within-species genetic variation in the response to OA conditions. Together, these tools will be used to support research on corals and calcified algae in three thematic areas: (1) tests for long-term (1 year) effects of OA on growth, performance, and fitness, (2) tests for depth-dependent effects of OA on reef communities at 20-m depth where light regimes are attenuated compared to shallow water, and (3) tests for beneficial responses to OA through intrinsic, within-species genetic variability and phenotypic plasticity. Some of the key experiments in these thematic areas will be designed to exploit integral projection models (IPMs) to couple organism with community responses, and to support the use of the metabolic theory of ecology (MTE) to address scale-dependence of OA effects on coral reef organisms and the function of the communities they build.

标题：协作研究：海洋酸化和珊瑚礁 - 规模依赖和适应能力，这重点是对海洋生态系统，海洋酸化（OA）最严重的威胁，并在地球上最多样化和最美丽的生态系统中解决了这个问题。 该研究将Moorea，法属波利尼西亚作为模型系统，并从NSF投资于Moorea Coral Reef长期生态研究站点（LTER）来利用对珊瑚礁的物理和生物监测，作为一项针对研究的环境，重点是核心影响珊瑚的研究方式，钙化的algae algae calciped Algae和Coral Reef Sepef Semef Semels和Coref Ecofsemss和Coref Ecof Semels和Coref refs Sempessss。 该项目基于一个为期四年的NSF奖，并在五个新方向上进行了研究：（1）长期持续时间的实验，（2）对珊瑚礁至20米深度的研究，（3）实验，（3）实验，将二氧化碳碳二氧化碳施加到珊瑚礁下水下的核心库的能力，并通过反式繁殖量的弹药量来进行珊瑚礁的能力，并进行珊瑚礁的能力。 （5）将新兴理论应用于对单个生物的夫妇研究，以对整个珊瑚礁的研究。 通过更好地理解OA将影响珊瑚礁的方式，这将产生更广泛的影响，这些珊瑚礁是海报儿童，以证明海洋环境中的气候变化影响，并为居住在包括美国在内的沿海地区的数百万人提供收入，食品和沿海保护。 此外，这项研究将在与公众对气候变化影响的意识相关的多个层面上具有广泛的教学和级联效应，并准备着专注于科学，技术，工程和数学（STEM）职业的美国劳动力。 这些效果将通过将研究基于4年的西班牙裔校园加利福尼亚州立大学北山（CSUN）来实现，在该校园内，本科生将通过课堂教学和研究经验（REU）机会（REU）机会和研究生，研究生员工和技术人员的机会在本科生中有很大的参与。 正在进行的高中参与计划将扩展到包括Moorea中的K-12教育者，以及当地学校和CSUN之间的课程计划的整合。该项目着重于海洋酸化对热带珊瑚礁的影响，并建立在现有的4年奖励的研究结果上，并与技术，Infrastriure cor cor cor cor cor cor cor cor cor cor cor cor cor cor cor cor cor cor cor cor cor cor cor cor cor cor cor cor cor cor cor cor cor cor cor cor cor in cor core的cor cor cor含量增加较大。 MCR-lter提供了一个无与伦比的机会，可以研究对珊瑚礁的OA影响，其位置可以说是比世界上任何其他珊瑚礁更具生态细节更好地进行仪器和研究的位置。 因此，结果既可以通过高度的生态和物理相关性来背景化，又可以轻松地整合到新兴理论中，以预测珊瑚礁在温暖和更酸性的未来海洋中的结构和功能。 现有的奖项涉及一项在Moorea的研究计划，该计划主要集中在珊瑚和钙化藻类的短期有机和生态反应上，在中孔和隆隆中进行的实验以及珊瑚礁规模钙化的测量。 这个新奖项涉及三个新的技术进步：首次将进行为期一年的复制室外隆隆活动的实验；二氧化碳处理将使用复制的水下隆起来完全完整的珊瑚礁生态系统。并将复制的常见园艺技术用于探索对OA条件反应的物种内遗传变异。 这些工具将共同用于支持有关珊瑚的研究并在三个主题领域进行钙化藻类：（1）OA长期（1年）对增长，性能和健身的长期影响（1年）影响，（2）测试OA对rea社区对20米深度的rea社区深度依赖性影响的深度影响的测试，与Spentiss相比，在光明的情况下进行了融合，并在（3）中进行了（3）的融合响应（3），以及3）。表型可塑性。 这些主题领域中的一些关键实验将被设计为利用整体投影模型（IPM）与社区反应相对情，并支持使用生态学代谢理论（MTE）来解决OA对珊瑚礁生物体效应的规模依赖性及其建立的社区功能的效果。