Improving agricultural practices for sustainable development

改善农业实践以实现可持续发展

• 批准号: 1415352
• 负责人: Rachael Garrett
• 金额: $ 32.8万
• 依托单位: Harvard University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2014
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2014-07-15 至 2015-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1415352&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Improving; agricultural; practices; sustainable; development

The project is supported under the NSF Science, Engineering and Education for Sustainability Fellows (SEES Fellows) program, with the goal of helping to enable discoveries needed to inform actions that lead to environmental, energy and societal sustainability while creating the necessary workforce to address these challenges. Sustainability science is an emerging field that addresses the challenges of meeting human needs without harm to the environment, and without sacrificing the ability of future generations to meet their needs. A strong scientific workforce requires individuals educated and trained in interdisciplinary research and thinking, especially in the area of sustainability science. With the SEES Fellowship support, this project will enable a promising early career researcher to establish herself in an independent research career related to sustainability. This SEES Fellowship project focuses on food sustainability.Finding ways to increase the global food supply without further exacerbating climate change, reducing biodiversity, or degrading water resources is one of the most important challenges facing humanity. The goal of this project is to create information that can be used by policy makers and farmers to promote the adoption of more sustainable agricultural practices in two of the largest food growers and exporters in the world. In particular, this project investigates what enabling conditions (policies, market mechanisms, and extension programs) are needed to help farmers transition from specialized production practices to integrated crop and livestock systems (ICLS). The project also examines the robustness of ICLS under future climate and price scenarios.Prior ecological research suggests that ICLS have the potential to vastly reduce the environmental impact of agriculture, but it is not clear whether ICLS are socio-economically suitable to producers and other stakeholders. If these systems do not address the core needs of farmers (by generating income, decreasing risk, and smoothing out income flows), it is unlikely that they will be adopted. Furthermore, it is essential to understand whether ICLS will meet farmers' needs under future prices and climate scenarios. This project addresses these knowledge gaps by answering the following questions: 1) What are the problems faced by farmers in a given region? 2) How do the benefits provided by ICLS solve these farmer-defined problems as compared to other potential competing technologies? 3) Where are integrated systems most likely to be profitable, given underlying biophysical conditions and transportation infrastructure? 4) What socio-economic and biophysical factors have the largest influence on farmers' willingness to adopt ICLS? 5) How will future changes in these socio-economic and biophysical factors influence future adoption or retirement of ICLS? This project utilizes multiple methods and spatial scales: comparative case studies at the national level, regional statistical and mechanistic models, and local fieldwork.

该项目得到了NSF科学，工程和教育可持续发展研究员（SEES研究员）计划的支持，其目标是帮助实现所需的发现，为导致环境，能源和社会可持续性的行动提供信息，同时创造必要的劳动力来应对这些挑战。可持续发展科学是一个新兴的领域，它解决了在不损害环境的情况下满足人类需求的挑战，并且不牺牲后代满足其需求的能力。一个强大的科学队伍需要在跨学科研究和思维方面受过教育和培训的个人，特别是在可持续发展科学领域。在SEES奖学金的支持下，该项目将使一个有前途的早期职业研究人员能够在与可持续发展相关的独立研究生涯中确立自己的地位。SEES奖学金项目的重点是粮食可持续性。在不进一步加剧气候变化、减少生物多样性或降低水资源的情况下，寻找增加全球粮食供应的方法是人类面临的最重要挑战之一。该项目的目标是创建可供决策者和农民使用的信息，以促进世界上两个最大的粮食种植者和出口商采用更可持续的农业做法。特别是，该项目调查需要哪些有利条件（政策、市场机制和推广计划）来帮助农民从专业化生产实践过渡到综合作物和畜牧系统（ICLS）。该项目还审查了ICLS在未来气候和价格情景下的稳健性，先前的生态研究表明，ICLS有可能大大减少农业对环境的影响，但尚不清楚ICLS在社会经济上是否适合生产者和其他利益攸关方。如果这些制度不能解决农民的核心需求（通过创收、降低风险和平滑收入流），就不太可能被采用。此外，还必须了解在未来的价格和气候情景下，综合土地统计学是否能满足农民的需求。该项目通过回答以下问题来解决这些知识差距：1）特定地区的农民面临什么问题？2)与其他潜在的竞争技术相比，ICLS提供的好处如何解决这些农民定义的问题？3)考虑到潜在的生物物理条件和运输基础设施，哪些综合系统最有可能有利可图？4)哪些社会经济和生物物理因素对农民采用综合劳工统计系统的意愿影响最大？ 5)这些社会经济和生物物理因素的未来变化将如何影响国际劳工统计学家委员会未来的采用或退出？该项目利用多种方法和空间尺度：国家一级的比较案例研究、区域统计和机械模型以及当地实地工作。

项目成果

Tradeoffs in the quest for climate smart agricultural intensification in Mato Grosso, Brazil

• DOI: 10.1088/1748-9326/aac4d1
• 发表时间: 2018-06-01
• 期刊: ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LETTERS
• 影响因子: 6.7
• 作者: Gil, Juliana D. B.;Garrett, Rachael D.;Reis, Julio C.
• 通讯作者: Reis, Julio C.

Explaining the persistence of low income and environmentally degrading land uses in the Brazilian Amazon

• DOI: 10.5751/es-09364-220327
• 发表时间: 2017-01-01
• 期刊: ECOLOGY AND SOCIETY
• 影响因子: 4.1
• 作者: Garrett, Rachael D.;Gardner, Toby A.;Parry, Luke
• 通讯作者: Parry, Luke