How Agricultural Policies and Practices Shape Each Other: A Case Study of Dairy Farming

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This project will examine the relationship between the making policy and everyday practicethrough a case study of dairy farming. The research will explore how everyday practices onfarms (e.g. milking) emerge/change and how policy & variously enacted through theperformance of those practices. The aim is to show how the history and layering of multiplepolicies that inform work and life on farms as it emerges, changes, and shapes the issues andspace that policymakers need to respond to.Dairy farming can be considered as a socio-technical system comprised of multiplepractitioners (2. dairy farmers and policymakers; practice: (milking, silaging, cattle herdingand cleaning, auctioning, as well as inspection, record keeping, debating, negotiating andlegislating technologies and infrastructures (e.g. milking machines, fertiliser spreaders, and online systems and transport) which hang-together and effect each other. Sets of practicescomprising of policymaking, moreover, typically influence and shape everyday life on farms;their infrastructures, ways of working, and business operations. The boundaries of practiceswithin dairy farming are informed by polices. For example, the Code of Practice for theWelfare of Livestock: Cattle (WAG, 2010) establishes what counts as the acceptable.standards for dry farming across a range of activities, inching: milking, rearing, breeding,accommodation, and health. The code of practice is itself however, influenced by a raft ofcontemporary policy, both at national and transnational levels, (the Animal Welfare Act2006 the Government of Wales Act 2006, and the European Commission Directive 98/34/EC