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Collaborative Research: Ocean Acidification: microbes as sentinels of adaptive responses to multiple stressors: contrasting estuarine and open ocean environments

合作研究：海洋酸化：微生物作为多种应激源适应性反应的哨兵：对比河口和公海环境

基本信息

批准号：
1416665
负责人：
Zackary Johnson
金额：
$ 79.85万
依托单位：
Duke University
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
Standard Grant
财政年份：
2015
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2015-01-01 至 2019-12-31
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1416665&HistoricalAwards=false
关键词：
Collaborative Research Ocean Acidification microbes

项目摘要

Collaborative Research: Ocean Acidification: microbes as sentinels of adaptive responses to multiple stressors: contrasting estuarine and open ocean environmentsMicrobes in the oceans provide essential ecosystem services including primary production (photosynthesis) and organic matter turnover that sustain all higher marine organisms. It remains unclear how marine microorganisms will adapt to the acidification of the oceans (i.e., decrease in seawater pH due to increased atmospheric CO2) and how much their activities will be affected. It is also important to quantify how multiple stressors related to ocean acidification (OA) such as higher temperatures interact with increased acidity to represent the impact of multiple stressors on marine microbial communities. Advancing our understanding of these issues is essential in order to predict the consequences of OA on ocean life and fisheries, identify areas of the ocean that might be more vulnerable to OA, and propose modes of action to counteract potential adverse effects. This collaborative project by Duke University and Georgia Institute of Technology researchers will combine oceanographic and advanced molecular techniques to characterize the adaptive responses of microbial communities to multiple stressors associated with OA. In particular, microbial communities from estuarine and coastal ecosystems as well as open ocean waters will be incubated under conditions of increased acidity or temperature or both, and their activities will be measured and quantified. By integrating multiple types of data, this project will provide a predictive and mechanistic understanding of microbial community responses and feedbacks to OA, including essential ecosystem services. In addition to providing advanced training for undergraduate, graduate and postdoctoral students, results from this research project will be translated to broad public and K-12 education on OA through the development of an interactive museum display and iPAD application.Preliminary data from time-series observations of a coastal temperate estuary shows that pH, temperature and other stressors vary over multiple space and time scales, and this variability is relatively higher than that observed in open ocean waters. Based on this evidence, the guiding hypothesis of this work is that microbes in coastal ecosystems are better adapted to ocean acidification as well as multiple stressors compared to similar microbes from the open ocean. To quantify the adaptive genetic, physiological and biogeochemical responses of microbes to OA, the team's specific goals are to: (1) characterize complex natural microbial community responses to multiple stressors using factorial mesocosm manipulations, (2) assemble a detailed view of genomic and physiological (including transcriptional) adaptations to OA at the single species level using cultured model marine microbes (e.g. Prochlorococcus, Synechococcus, Vibrio) identified as responsive to stressors in whole community mesocosm experiments, and (3) assess the power of model microbial strains and mesocosm experiments to predict microbial community responses to natural OA variability in a temporally dynamic, temperate estuary and along a trophic/pH gradient from the Neuse-Pamlico Sound to the Sargasso Sea. By comparing an estuarine ecosystem to its open ocean counterpart, this study will assess the sensitivity of microbial structure and function in response to ocean acidification.

合作研究：海洋酸化：微生物作为适应多种压力的哨兵：对比河口和开阔海洋环境海洋中的微生物提供基本的生态系统服务，包括维持所有高等海洋生物的初级生产（光合作用）和有机物周转。目前尚不清楚海洋微生物将如何适应海洋酸化（即，由于大气中二氧化碳的增加，海水pH值下降）以及它们的活动将受到多大影响。同样重要的是，要量化与海洋酸化有关的多种压力因素，如更高的温度如何与酸度增加相互作用，以代表多种压力因素对海洋微生物群落的影响。为了预测有机农业对海洋生物和渔业的影响，确定可能更容易受到有机农业影响的海洋区域，并提出应对潜在不利影响的行动模式，提高我们对这些问题的认识至关重要。杜克大学和格鲁吉亚理工学院的研究人员的这一合作项目将联合收割机海洋学和先进的分子技术相结合，以表征微生物群落对与OA相关的多种压力源的适应性反应。特别是，来自河口和沿海生态系统以及公海沃茨的微生物群落将在酸度或温度增加或两者兼而有之的条件下进行培养，并对其活动进行测量和量化。通过整合多种类型的数据，该项目将提供对微生物群落对OA的反应和反馈的预测性和机械性理解，包括基本的生态系统服务。除了为本科生、研究生和博士后学生提供高级培训外，该研究项目的成果还将通过开发互动式博物馆展示和iPad应用程序，转化为广泛的公众和K-12教育。沿海温带河口时间序列观测的初步数据显示，pH值、温度和其他压力源在多个空间和时间尺度上变化，并且这种变化性相对高于在开阔海洋沃茨中观察到的变化性。基于这一证据，这项工作的指导假设是，与来自开放海洋的类似微生物相比，沿海生态系统中的微生物更好地适应海洋酸化以及多种压力源。为了量化微生物对OA的适应性遗传，生理和生物化学反应，该团队的具体目标是：（1）使用因子围隔操作表征复杂的天然微生物群落对多种应激源的响应，（2）组装基因组和生理学的详细视图，（包括转录）适应OA在单一物种水平使用培养的模式海洋微生物（例如，原绿球藻属、聚球藻属、弧菌属）在整个群落围隔实验中被鉴定为响应于胁迫物，以及（3）评估模型微生物菌株和围隔实验的能力，以在时间动态中预测微生物群落对自然OA变异性的响应，温带河口和沿着营养/pH梯度从Neuse-Pamlico声音到马尾藻海。通过比较河口生态系统与公海生态系统，本研究将评估微生物结构和功能对海洋酸化的敏感性。