Collaborative Research: Ocean Acidification: RUI: Multiple Stressor Effects of Ocean Acidification and Hypoxia on Behavior, Physiology, and Gene Expression of Temperate Reef Fishes

合作研究：海洋酸化：RUI：海洋酸化和缺氧对温带礁鱼行为、生理和基因表达的多重应激影响

• 批准号: 1416917
• 负责人: Brian Tissot
• 金额: $ 27.3万
• 依托单位: Humboldt State University Foundation
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2014
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2014-09-01 至 2018-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1416917&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Collaborative; Research; Ocean; Acidification; RUI

For near shore marine species inhabiting upwelling ecosystems such as the California Current, climate change resulting from the anthropogenic release of CO2 into the atmosphere is likely to induce concurrent conditions of ocean acidification (OA) and hypoxia, which are exacerbated during periods of seasonal upwelling. Although marine fishes have generally been presumed to be tolerant of OA due to their competence in acid-base regulation, recent studies in tropical regions suggest that early life stages may be particularly sensitive to elevated levels of dissolved CO2 (which lowers seawater pH) by impairing respiration, acid-base regulation, and neurotransmitter function. Low levels of dissolved oxygen (DO), which occur during hypoxia, can likewise impact the behavior, physiology and survival of marine fishes. Few studies have addressed the potential interactive effects of a low pH, low DO environment. From molecular tools to whole animal physiology, this research will provide an in-depth examination of an inherently integrative process. The study will use a multiple stressor framework to address the potential threats posed by the independent and combined effects of OA and hypoxia on behavior, physiological capacity, and gene expression in temperate reef fishes. Because mortality in early life stages has important carryover effects, understanding the effects of these stressors is critical for predicting future climate change responses of global fish populations. Such information will lay the groundwork for further studies that address the synergistic effects of multiple stressors and the characteristics of California Current species that influence their ability to tolerate or adapt to changes in ocean chemistry in a rapidly changing climate. Broader impacts of the project include educational opportunities for graduate and undergraduate students at 4 institutions and outreach and educational activities for K-12 students and teachers through the Teaching Enhancement Program. Results will be communicated to fisheries management agencies, oceanographic observing programs, and the science community to provide information on climate change impacts for economically valuable groundfish.The project goals are to use a combination of laboratory and field studies to examine ecologically and physiologically relevant responses of juvenile rockfish (genus Sebastes) to the independent and interactive effects of ocean acidification and hypoxia. Rockfish will be captured in the field and then reared in the lab at 4 different pCO2 levels and 4 different DO levels to simulate changes in environmental conditions. Response variables include: (1) measures of changes in olfactory capabilities, brain functional asymmetry and problem-solving ability and (2) effects on swimming capabilities, respiration, aerobic performance, and growth. In addition, we will use next generation transcriptome sequencing to examine genome-wide changes in gene expression and enzyme activity for Na+/K+ ATPase (NKA), citrate synthase (CS), and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), as proxies for acid-base compensation and metabolic shifts between aerobic and anaerobic metabolism. Oceanographic sensors will be deployed in the field to determine the frequency and intensity of hypoxia and low pH events in near shore habitats in Northern and Central California. Adaptive sampling of juvenile rockfish will be used to evaluate gene expression and physiological responses in individuals exposed in situ to low pH and low DO events in the field. The effects of OA and hypoxia will be compared across rockfish species with different life histories (e.g. larval duration, timing of spawning, etc.) and collected from regions differing in exposure to low pH/low DO events to address the potential for local adaptation. The focus of this project is on responses of the early juvenile stage at the time of settlement, because this stage is exposed to near shore changes in ocean chemistry during a critical period where physiological stress and behavioral disruptions may have the strongest demographic effects due to increased risk of predation.

对于居住在上升生态系统（例如加利福尼亚州电流）的近海洋物种，由于二氧化碳向大气中释放到大气中的人为释放而导致的气候变化可能会引起海洋酸化（OA）和缺氧的并发条件，而在季节性上升期间，这会加剧。尽管通常认为海洋鱼在OA中耐受性，因为它们在酸碱调节中的能力，但在热带地区的最新研究表明，早期的生命阶段可能对溶解的CO2水平升高（降低了海水pH）（通过损害呼吸受损，酸碱酶调节，酸碱调节，神经释放器的降低）特别敏感。在缺氧期间发生的低水平的溶解氧（DO）也会影响海洋鱼类的行为，生理和生存。很少有研究解决了低pH值，低DO环境的潜在互动效应。从分子工具到整个动物生理学，这项研究将对固有的综合过程进行深入研究。该研究将使用多个应激源框架来解决OA和缺氧对行为，生理能力和温带礁鱼基因表达的独立和综合影响所带来的潜在威胁。由于早期生命阶段的死亡率具有重要的结转影响，因此了解这些压力源的影响对于预测全球鱼类种群的未来气候变化反应至关重要。这些信息将为进一步的研究奠定基础，以解决多种压力源的协同作用以及加利福尼亚当前物种的特征，这些物种影响了它们在迅速变化的气候下耐受或适应海洋化学变化的能力。该项目的更广泛影响包括4个机构的研究生和本科生的教育机会，以及通过教学增强计划为K-12学生和教师的外展和教育活动。结果将与渔业管理机构，海洋观测计划和科学界传达，以提供有关经济有价值的地面鱼类气候变化影响的信息。项目目标是利用实验室和现场研究的组合来检查对幼年岩石（属Sebastes）（属）对海洋酸化和互动效应的生态和生理相关的反应。岩石将在现场捕获，然后在实验室中以4个不同的PCO2水平饲养，而4个不同的DO水平以模拟环境条件的变化。响应变量包括：（1）嗅觉能力变化，大脑功能不对称和解决问题的能力以及（2）对游泳能力，呼吸，有氧性能和生长的影响。 此外，我们还将使用下一代转录组测序来检查Na+/K+ ATPase（NKA）（NKA），柠檬酸酸酯合酶（CS）和乳酸脱氢酶（LDH）的基因表达和酶活性的全基因组活性的变化，AS酸碱补偿和代谢变化的AS酸和代谢偏移氧化代谢和反复分析。海洋传感器将部署在现场，以确定北加州和中部近海岸栖息地中缺氧和低pH值的频率和强度。少年岩鱼的自适应采样将用于评估原位暴露于低pH值的个体中的基因表达和生理反应。 OA和缺氧的影响将在具有不同寿命（例如幼虫持续时间，产卵的时间等）的岩石鱼类中进行比较，并从暴露于低pH/低DO事件的地区收集，以解决局部适应的潜力。该项目的重点是定居时少年阶段早期的反应，因为在生理压力和行为干扰的关键时期，这一阶段暴露于海洋化学的近海岸变化，这可能会因捕食风险增加而产生的最大人口影响。