Collaborative Research: GreenTrACS: a Greenland Traverse for Accumulation and Climate Studies

合作研究:GreenTrACS:用于积累和气候研究的格陵兰穿越

基本信息

  • 批准号:
    1417678
  • 负责人:
  • 金额:
    $ 59.67万
  • 依托单位:
  • 依托单位国家:
    美国
  • 项目类别:
    Standard Grant
  • 财政年份:
    2015
  • 资助国家:
    美国
  • 起止时间:
    2015-01-01 至 2019-12-31
  • 项目状态:
    已结题

项目摘要

The stability of the Greenland Ice Sheet is of critical interest to scientists and society
at large in the context of future sea-level rise. The extent to which the Greenland Ice Sheet will lose mass and contribute to rising sea level
in the coming decades depends on the discharge from glaciers at its edges and on the surface mass balance, which is the balance between snow accumulation and surface melt. Estimates of Greenland surface mass balance increasingly utilize climate reanalyses and high-resolution regional climate models to determine snow accumulation, surface melt and runoff/refreeze. These models show significant, and model-dependent, biases (differences from observations) along the steep edges of the Greenland Ice Sheet where the highest and most variable (in space and time) rates of accumulation and surface melt are observed. Thus, the edges of the Greenland Ice Sheet are in critical need of updated accumulation
and melt data to validate models and improve mass balance estimates. The investigators propose a traverse in the Western Greenland percolation zone over two field seasons to develop continuous in-situ snow accumulation and firn density records using ground-based radar and shallow firn cores. The research objectives include: (1) determining the patterns, in time and space, of snow accumulation in Western Greenland over the past 20-40 years; (2) evaluating surface melt refreeze and englacial meltwater storage in the Western Greenland percolation
zone over the past 20-40 years; and (3) quantifying the accumulation and surface melt biases of the most recent climate reanalysis models and their regional climate model counterparts.This project will advance knowledge and understanding by providing in-situ validation observations for both the mass gain (snow accumulation) and mass loss (surface melt) components of Western Greenland surface mass balance. The western edge of the Greenland Ice Sheet has been losing mass at an accelerating rate since 2005, due mostly to decreasing surface mass balance. However, surface mass balance trends derived from regional climate models differ by a factor of ~2.5 in this region. Western Greenland firn core accumulation records, required for model validation, generally end in 1996-1998, before the most recent period of accelerated mass loss. The investigators will develop continuous records of Western Greenland snow accumulation over the last 20-40 years using ground-penetrating radar validated by frequent snow pits and
firn cores (25-30 m) analyzed for chemistry. They also propose to use a multi-offset radar method to calculate continuous firn density
data, providing a means to assess past surface melt, refreeze and current meltwater storage
in glacier aquifers. Meltwater refreeze shows the largest variability in regional climate
models among surface mass balance components, and thus validation observations are critically needed. The traverse route will crisscross the percolation zone, near-parallel to the steepest accumulation and surface melt gradients, which will increase the value of the dataset for model validation. The traverse will overlap previous traverse routes and reoccupy previously sampled sites to update firn core accumulation records by 18-20 years. In addition, the project will collect cores from new sites in data-poor regions at lower elevations, where both accumulation and surface melt increase and regional climate model validation is most needed. Surface mass balance validation of several climate reanalysis models will lead to more accurate assessments
of current and future Greenland Ice Sheet mass balance trends, which is critical for accurately predicting
future sea-level rise. The project will integrate research with student
learning at multiple levels, with an emphasis on the participation of students from underrepresented groups. The project will fund four graduate students, and incorporate numerous undergraduate researchers recruited through successful programs like the Dartmouth Women in Science Project and the Diversity in Undergraduate Geoscience Alliance. K-12 students will be engaged in this project through inquiry-based, web-hosted climate lessons incorporating the University of Maine Climate Reanalyzer and Environmental Change Model, and through field-based programs in the Boise Mountains focused on snow science. The PIs will continue their active public outreach through established and successful programs like the monthly Upper Valley Science Pub and the biannual Snow Day at the Discovery Center of Idaho, in addition to their frequent public presentations and media interviews through their respective Public Affairs offices.
在未来海平面上升的背景下,格陵兰冰盖的稳定性对科学家和整个社会都至关重要。未来几十年,格陵兰冰盖将在多大程度上失去质量并导致海平面上升,这取决于其边缘的冰川排放和表面质量平衡,即积雪和表面融化之间的平衡。格陵兰地表物质平衡的估计越来越多地利用气候再分析和高分辨率区域气候模式来确定积雪、地表融化和径流/复冻。这些模型沿着格陵兰冰盖陡峭的边缘显示了显著的、依赖于模型的偏差(与观测结果的差异),在那里观察到了最高和最不稳定的(空间和时间)累积和表面融化的速率。因此,格陵兰冰盖的边缘迫切需要更新的积累和融化数据来验证模型和改进质量平衡估计。研究人员建议在格陵兰岛西部渗流带进行两个野外季节的导线测量,以利用地面雷达和浅层积雪岩心建立连续的现场积雪和降雪密度记录。研究目标包括:(1)确定过去20-40年来格陵兰西部积雪在时间和空间上的模式;(2)评估过去20-40年来格陵兰西部渗流地带的地表融化再冻结和冰川融水储存;以及(3)量化最新气候再分析模式及其区域气候模式的积聚和地表融化偏差。该项目将通过提供对西部格陵兰地表质量平衡的质量增加(积雪)和质量损失(地表融化)分量的现场验证观测来增进认识和理解。格陵兰冰盖的西缘自2005年以来一直在以加速的速度失去质量,这主要是由于表面质量平衡的减少。然而,根据区域气候模式得出的地表物质平衡趋势在该地区相差约2.5倍。模型验证所需的格陵兰西部降雪核心积累记录通常在1996-1998年结束,在最近一次加速质量损失之前。研究人员将使用探地雷达建立过去20-40年来格陵兰西部积雪的连续记录,并通过频繁的积雪坑和经过化学分析的雪芯(25-30米)进行验证。他们还建议使用多偏移距雷达方法计算连续降雪密度数据,提供一种评估冰川含水层过去的表面融化、重新冻结和当前融化水储存的方法。融水再冻结显示了区域气候模型中地表物质平衡部分的最大变异性,因此验证观测是非常必要的。穿越路线将纵横交错地穿过渗流区,与最陡峭的堆积和表面熔融梯度几乎平行,这将增加模型验证的数据集的值。该导线将与以前的导线路线重叠,并重新利用以前的采样点,将积雪岩心积累记录更新18-20年。此外,该项目将从低海拔数据贫乏地区的新地点收集岩芯,这些地区的堆积和地表融化增加,最需要区域气候模型验证。对几个气候再分析模型的地表物质平衡进行验证,将导致对当前和未来格陵兰冰盖物质平衡趋势进行更准确的评估,这对于准确预测未来海平面上升至关重要。该项目将把研究与学生在多个层次上的学习结合起来,重点是来自代表性不足群体的学生的参与。该项目将资助四名研究生,并包括通过达特茅斯女性科学项目和本科生地球科学多样性联盟等成功项目招募的众多本科生研究人员。K-12年级的学生将通过与缅因州大学气候分析仪和环境变化模型相结合的基于探究的网络托管气候课程,以及通过博伊西山脉以雪科学为重点的实地项目,参与这一项目。除了通过各自的公共事务办公室进行频繁的公开演示和媒体采访外,PI还将通过每月举办的上山谷科学酒吧和爱达荷州探索中心一年两次的雪日等成熟和成功的项目,继续积极开展公共宣传活动。

项目成果

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Erich Osterberg其他文献

Erich Osterberg的其他文献

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{{ truncateString('Erich Osterberg', 18)}}的其他基金

Collaborative Research: A North Pacific ice core record of summer climate and wildfire history during the last 1500 years
合作研究:过去 1500 年夏季气候和野火历史的北太平洋冰芯记录
  • 批准号:
    2002424
  • 财政年份:
    2020
  • 资助金额:
    $ 59.67万
  • 项目类别:
    Standard Grant
Collaborative Research: South Pole Ice Core Chronology and Climate Records using Chemical and Microparticle Measurements
合作研究:使用化学和微粒测量的南极冰芯年代学和气候记录
  • 批准号:
    1443336
  • 财政年份:
    2015
  • 资助金额:
    $ 59.67万
  • 项目类别:
    Continuing Grant
Doctoral Dissertation Research: Using Ice-Core Data to Reconstruct Atmospheric Mercury Deposition Over the Past 17,000 Years.
博士论文研究:利用冰芯数据重建过去 17,000 年的大气汞沉积。
  • 批准号:
    1232844
  • 财政年份:
    2012
  • 资助金额:
    $ 59.67万
  • 项目类别:
    Standard Grant
Collaborative Research: P2C2--Reconstructing Central Alaskan Precipitation Variability and Atmospheric Circulation during the Past Millennium
合作研究:P2C2——重建过去千年阿拉斯加中部降水变化和大气环流
  • 批准号:
    1204035
  • 财政年份:
    2012
  • 资助金额:
    $ 59.67万
  • 项目类别:
    Standard Grant
COLLABORATIVE RESEARCH: Response of the Northwest Greenland Cryosphere to Holocene Climate Change
合作研究:格陵兰西北部冰冻圈对全新世气候变化的响应
  • 批准号:
    1107411
  • 财政年份:
    2012
  • 资助金额:
    $ 59.67万
  • 项目类别:
    Standard Grant
RAPID: Tracking Radioactive Fallout from the Fukushima Dai-ichi Disaster in Arctic Snow
RAPID:追踪北极雪中福岛第一核电站灾难的放射性尘埃
  • 批准号:
    1140098
  • 财政年份:
    2011
  • 资助金额:
    $ 59.67万
  • 项目类别:
    Standard Grant

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合作研究:REU 地点:地球与行星科学和天体物理学 REU 与纽约市立大学合作,位于美国自然历史博物馆
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